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Hearing gravity from the cosmos: GWTC-2 probes general relativity at cosmological scales
Physics Letters B ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136665
Jose María Ezquiaga 1
Affiliation  

Gravitational-wave (GW) catalogs are rapidly increasing in number, allowing for

Image 1
statistical analyses of the population of compact binaries. Nonetheless, GW inference of cosmology has typically relied on additional electromagnetic counterparts or galaxy catalogs. I present a new probe of cosmological modifications of general relativity with GW data only. I focus on deviations of the GW luminosity distance constrained with the astrophysical population of binary black holes (BBHs). The three key observables are 1) the number of events as a function of luminosity distance, 2) the stochastic GW background of unresolved binaries and 3) the location of any feature in the source mass distribution, such as the pair instability supernova (PISN) gap. Modifications of the GW luminosity distance are a priori degenerate with the unknown evolution of the merger rate and source masses. However, a large damping of the GW amplitude predicts a reduction of the events and lowering of the edges of the PISN gap with redshift that is against standard astrophysical expectations. Applying a hierarchical Bayesian analysis to the current LIGO–Virgo catalog (GWTC-2), the strongest constraints to date are placed on deviations from the GW luminosity distance, finding cM=3.22.0+3.4 at 68% C.L., which is ∼10 times better than multi-messenger GW170817 bounds. These modifications also affect the determination of the BBH masses, which is crucial to accommodate the high-mass binary GW190521 away from the PISN gap. In this analysis it is found that the maximum mass of 99% of the population shifts to lower masses with increased uncertainty, m99%=46.29.1+11.4M at 68% C.L. Testing gravity at large scales with the population of BBHs will become increasingly relevant with future catalogs, providing an independent and self-contained test of the standard cosmological model.



中文翻译:

从宇宙中听到引力:GWTC-2 在宇宙学尺度上探索广义相对论

引力波 (GW) 目录的数量正在迅速增加,允许

图 1
对紧凑二进制文件的总体进行统计分析。尽管如此,宇宙学的 GW 推断通常依赖于额外的电磁对应物或星系目录。我提出了一个关于广义相对论宇宙学修改的新探索,仅使用 GW 数据。我专注于受双黑洞 (BBH) 天体物理种群约束的 GW 光度距离偏差。三个关键观测值是 1) 作为光度距离函数的事件数量,2) 未解析双星的随机 GW 背景和 3) 源质量分布中任何特征的位置,例如对不稳定性超新星 (PISN)差距。GW 光度距离的修改是先验退化的,伴随着合并率和源质量的未知演变。然而,GW 振幅的大阻尼预示着事件的减少和 PISN 间隙边缘的降低,红移与标准的天体物理预期相反。对当前的 LIGO-Virgo 目录 (GWTC-2) 应用分层贝叶斯分析,迄今为止最强的限制是与 GW 光度距离的偏差,发现C=-3.2-2.0+3.4CL 为 68%,比多信使 GW170817 边界好 10 倍。这些修改也影响了 BBH 质量的确定,这对于适应远离 PISN 间隙的高质量二元 GW190521 至关重要。在该分析中发现,99% 的群体的最大质量随着不确定性的增加而转移到较低的质量,99%=46.2-9.1+11.4 在 68% CL 大规模测试重力与 BBH 群体将越来越与未来的目录相关,提供标准宇宙学模型的独立和自包含测试。

更新日期:2021-10-01
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