Several theorists (Bandura, 1969; Hackney & Goodyear, 1984; Searles, 1955) suggest parallels between the relationship in supervision and the relationship in therapy. We examined supervisor and therapist trainee ratings of supervisory working alliance (SWA) in 1 week predicting client-rated therapeutic working alliance (TWA) and client-rated therapy session evaluation (TSE) in the following week as well as TWA and TSE ratings in 1 week predicting SWA ratings in the following week. Our data included 663 weeks of therapy nested within 28 trainees nested within 15 supervisors, disaggregated into differences between supervisors, differences within supervisors, and differences within trainees. At the between-supervisor level, when supervisors' trainees rated the SWA higher on average compared with other supervisors' trainees' average SWA ratings, their clients' average TWA rating was higher. In contrast, when supervisors rated the SWA higher on average compared with other supervisors' average SWA ratings, their trainees' clients' average TSE rating was higher but the average TWA rating was lower. At the within-supervisor level, when trainees rated a higher SWA on average compared with other trainees' average SWA ratings with the same supervisor, their clients' average TSE rating was higher. The theoretical prediction of parallel relationships in supervision and therapy was supported, but only for between-supervisor and within-supervisor differences in SWA. We found no evidence that week-to-week changes in SWA or client-rated TWA or TSE reflected parallel relationships. We provide suggestions for further research, including exploring the mechanisms through which supervision relates to the therapy process and outcome. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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三元效应：监督工作联盟、治疗工作联盟和治疗会议评估之间的关联。

一些理论家（Bandura，1969；Hackney & Goodyear，1984；Searles，1955）提出了监督关系和治疗关系之间的相似之处。我们在 1 周内检查了监督工作联盟 (SWA) 的主管和治疗师实习生评级，预测下一周的客户评级的治疗工作联盟 (TWA) 和客户评级的治疗会议评估 (TSE) 以及 1 周内的 TWA 和 TSE 评级周预测下周的 SWA 收视率。我们的数据包括嵌套在 15 名主管中的 28 名学员中的 663 周治疗，分解为主管之间的差异、主管内部的差异以及学员内部的差异。在主管间层面，当主管的学员对 SWA 的平均评分高于其他主管的学员时 平均 SWA 评级，他们的客户的平均 TWA 评级更高。相比之下，当主管对 SWA 的平均评分高于其他主管的平均 SWA 评分时，其学员的客户的平均 TSE 评分较高，但平均 TWA 评分较低。在主管内部级别，当受训者的平均 SWA 评分高于其他受训者对同一主管的平均 SWA 评分时，他们的客户的平均 TSE 评分较高。支持监督和治疗中平行关系的理论预测，但仅适用于 SWA 的监督者之间和监督者内部的差异。我们没有发现任何证据表明 SWA 或客户评价的 TWA 或 TSE 的每周变化反映了平行关系。我们为进一步研究提供建议，包括探索监督与治疗过程和结果相关的机制。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。