This review embodies a comprehensive study pertaining to forensic examination of photocopied documents. A critical discussion on the trends, advances of analytical techniques implemented in the past four decades, and their respective edge over each other has been explicitly presented in the study. The field of interest has witnessed pronounced development in the examination procedures, particularly in the methodology and sample preparation. Analytical methods including spectroscopic, microscopic, and chromatographic techniques for the examination of printing toner have been variedly reported. Furthermore, studies focusing on the physical and optical examination of toner and printed document have also been discussed. The majority of studies have shown the efficacy of ATR-FTIR in identifying the binders present in toners. Raman spectroscopy has been largely employed to identify the type of pigment used in the printed sample. Techniques like SEM-EDX, XRF, LIBS, LA-ICPMS, etc. have been used for the elemental profiling of the toners. Recent literature shows the advent of techniques that are non-destructive, require nil to minimal sample preparation, and sustain the integrity of the sample as evidence. Another significant development is the use of data fusion techniques and chemometric methods to enhance the discrimination and identification of the sample. This is plausibly the only detailed review that features all the techniques that have ever been used for the forensic investigation of photocopiers and their toners.

这篇综述体现了一项关于影印文件法医检查的综合研究。该研究明确提出了对过去四年中实施的分析技术的趋势、进步以及它们各自优势的批判性讨论。感兴趣的领域见证了检查程序的显着发展，特别是在方法和样品制备方面。用于检查印刷墨粉的分析方法包括光谱、显微和色谱技术已有不同的报道。此外，还讨论了针对墨粉和打印文档的物理和光学检查的研究。大多数研究表明，ATR-FTIR 在识别碳粉中存在的粘合剂方面非常有效。拉曼光谱已被广泛用于识别印刷样品中使用的颜料类型。诸如 SEM-EDX、XRF、LIBS、LA-ICPMS 等技术已用于调色剂的元素分析。最近的文献显示了非破坏性技术的出现，不需要到最少的样品制备，并保持样品的完整性作为证据。另一个重要的发展是使用数据融合技术和化学计量学方法来增强样品的鉴别和识别。这似乎是唯一详细的评论，其中包含曾用于对复印机及其墨粉进行法医调查的所有技术。已用于调色剂的元素分析。最近的文献显示了非破坏性技术的出现，不需要到最少的样品制备，并保持样品的完整性作为证据。另一个重要的发展是使用数据融合技术和化学计量学方法来增强样品的鉴别和识别。这似乎是唯一详细的评论，其中包含曾用于对复印机及其墨粉进行法医调查的所有技术。已用于调色剂的元素分析。最近的文献显示了非破坏性技术的出现，不需要到最少的样品制备，并保持样品的完整性作为证据。另一个重要的发展是使用数据融合技术和化学计量学方法来增强样品的鉴别和识别。这似乎是唯一详细的评论，其中包含曾用于对复印机及其墨粉进行法医调查的所有技术。另一个重要的发展是使用数据融合技术和化学计量学方法来增强样品的鉴别和识别。这似乎是唯一详细的评论，其中包含曾用于对复印机及其墨粉进行法医调查的所有技术。另一个重要的发展是使用数据融合技术和化学计量学方法来增强样品的鉴别和识别。这似乎是唯一详细的评论，其中包含曾用于对复印机及其墨粉进行法医调查的所有技术。