Soil carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural working lands via soil amendments and management practices is considered a relatively well-tested and affordable approach for removing CO₂ from the atmosphere. Carbon farming provides useful benefits for soil health, biomass production, and crop resilience, but the effects of different soil C sequestration approaches on the nitrogen (N) cycle remain controversial. While some C farming practices have been shown to reduce N fertilizer use in some cases, C farming could also impose an unwanted “N penalty” through which soil C gains can only be maintained with additional N inputs, thereby increasing N losses to the environment. We systematically reviewed meta-analysis studies on the impacts of C farming on N cycling in agroecosystems and estimated the cumulative effect of several C farming practices on N cycling. We found that, on average, combined C farming practices significantly reduced nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching from soils, thus inferring both N cycling and climate change benefits. In addition to more widely studied C farming practices that generate organic C, we also discuss silicate rock additions, which offer a pathway to inorganic C sequestration that does not require additional N inputs, framing important questions for future research.

中文翻译：

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碳农业对氮循环、保留和损失的影响综述

通过土壤改良和管理实践在农业作业用地封存土壤碳 (C) 被认为是一种经过充分测试且价格合理的去除 CO _2的方法从大气中。碳农业为土壤健康、生物量生产和作物恢复力提供了有益的好处，但不同的土壤固碳方法对氮 (N) 循环的影响仍然存在争议。虽然在某些情况下，一些碳耕作方法已被证明可以减少氮肥的使用，但碳耕作也可能会施加不必要的“氮惩罚”，通过这种惩罚，土壤碳的增加只能通过额外的氮投入来维持，从而增加了对环境的氮损失。我们系统地回顾了关于碳耕作对农业生态系统中氮循环影响的荟萃分析研究，并估计了几种碳耕作方式对氮循环的累积影响。我们发现，平均而言，联合 C 耕作方式显着减少了土壤中的一氧化二氮排放和硝酸盐浸出，从而推断出氮循环和气候变化的好处。除了更广泛研究的产生有机 C 的 C 耕作实践外，我们还讨论了添加硅酸盐岩石，它为无机 C 封存提供了一条不需要额外 N 投入的途径，为未来的研究提出了重要问题。