Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most important risk factor for gastritis and peptic ulcer. However, factors other than H. pylori are involved in its pathogenesis. In the current study, we aimed to compare the clinical manifestations and endoscopic and histopathological findings of patients with and without H. pylori infection. In this cross-sectional study, 233 patients with dyspepsia, referred for endoscopy, were examined regarding the presence of H. pylori infection. During an endoscopic exam, 5 biopsy specimens were taken from the stomach. The criteria for the presence of H. pylori infection was the presence and identification of bacteria in pathology. Two groups of H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients were compared regarding their demographic, endoscopic, and pathological findings. Of 233 patients, 154 (66.1%) were non-smokers, 201 (86.3%) were not alcohol users, and 153 (65.7%) used tap water. The most common symptom, reported in 157 (67.4%) patients, was epigastric pain. There was a significant difference between patients with and without H. pylori infection in terms of the educational status, occupational status, family history of gastrointestinal cancer, and some gastrointestinal symptoms. Also, there was a significant relationship between the endoscopic and pathological findings of patients with H. pylori. The results of the present study revealed that H. pylori infection was not associated with sex, alcohol consumption, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The role of H. pylori in the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer was clarified. Also, there was a significant difference in the endoscopic and pathological findings of patients with H. pylori.

中文翻译：

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伊朗幽门螺杆菌感染：人口、内镜和病理因素

幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染是胃炎和消化性溃疡最重要的危险因素。然而，H. pylori 以外的因素也参与了其发病机制。在目前的研究中，我们旨在比较有和没有幽门螺杆菌感染患者的临床表现、内镜和组织病理学发现。在这项横断面研究中，233 名消化不良患者接受内镜检查，检查是否存在幽门螺杆菌感染。在内窥镜检查期间，从胃中取出了 5 个活检标本。幽门螺杆菌感染存在的标准是病理学中细菌的存在和鉴定。对两组 H. pylori 阳性和 H. pylori 阴性患者的人口统计学、内窥镜和病理结果进行了比较。在 233 名患者中，154 名 (66. 1% 不吸烟，201 人（86.3%）不饮酒，153 人（65.7%）使用自来水。157 名 (67.4%) 患者报告的最常见症状是上腹痛。H. pylori 感染患者与非 H. pylori 感染患者在教育状况、职业状况、胃肠癌家族史和部分胃肠道症状等方面存在显着差异。此外，幽门螺杆菌患者的内镜和病理结果之间存在显着关系。本研究的结果表明，幽门螺杆菌感染与性、饮酒或非甾体抗炎药的使用无关。阐明了幽门螺杆菌在消化性溃疡病理生理学中的作用。此外，幽门螺杆菌患者的内镜和病理结果也存在显着差异。