Compared with traditional cooling techniques, thermoelectric coolers have drawn massive attention for small-scale cooling applications, particularly in medical practices. Thermoelectric coolers offer the benefits of having more environmentally friendly systems, a silent and robust structure, and reliable temperature control. Considering the recent rapid developments in this field, this article comprehensively reviews thermoelectric refrigerators for thermal management systems in medical practices, such as cooling carriers and wearable medical devices. Thermal optimization of thermoelectric coolers is assessed according to the available mechanisms, namely 1) using efficient thermoelectric materials, 2) designing efficient heat sink and absorption - especially applying phase change materials, and heat pipes, and 3) production methods for flexible thermoelectric devices, such as printing techniques. In the end, we point out that novel thermoelectric cooler technologies have gradually replaced traditional refrigerators due to their advantages of small size, flexibility, and pollution-free characteristics for medical applications, alongside wearable technologies.

与传统的冷却技术相比，热电冷却器在小规模冷却应用中引起了广泛关注，尤其是在医疗实践中。热电冷却器具有更环保的系统、安静而坚固的结构以及可靠的温度控制等优点。考虑到该领域最近的快速发展，本文全面回顾了医疗实践中用于热管理系统的热电冰箱，例如冷却载体和可穿戴医疗设备。热电冷却器的热优化根据可用机制进行评估，即 1) 使用高效的热电材料，2) 设计高效的散热器和吸收 - 特别是应用相变材料和热管，3) 柔性热电器件的生产方法，如印刷技术。最后，我们指出，新型热电制冷器技术凭借其体积小、灵活、无污染等优势，已逐渐取代传统冰箱，适用于医疗应用以及可穿戴技术。