Market-based fisheries management systems give incentives to reduce the fleet size and employment, which increases earnings and contributes to resolve the tragedy of the commons. However, the often-stated expectation that economies of scale cause the disappearance of small-scale fishery is not observed in many cases. In this study, we investigate the effects on fleet structure in the period after introducing individual fishing quotas or individual fishing days with various degrees of transferability in selected fisheries in the seven Nordic countries. Despite observing economies of scale in most cases, it is found that the market-based fisheries management often does not reduce the small-scale fleet more than the fleet of large vessels. This is explained partly by small vessels targeting demersal species and large vessels pelagic species, and partly by the larger need of larger than small vessels to continuously utilize their capital stocks through fast adaptation to ensure return. A more important explanation is the regulation design, with limitations in sale of fishing rights and lease between vessel groups and regions and in the share of the total quota holdings of fishing rights by individuals and vessels. This is important for countries considering the introduction of market-based fisheries management, since the Nordic experiences show that with proper regulation design, economic gains can be achieved with small-scale fishing surviving even under economies of scale.

中文翻译：

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小规模渔业能否在基于市场的管理中生存？北欧证据

基于市场的渔业管理系统鼓励减少船队规模和就业，从而增加收入并有助于解决公地悲剧。然而，在许多情况下并没有观察到通常所说的规模经济会导致小规模渔业消失的预期。在这项研究中，我们调查了在七个北欧国家的选定渔业中引入具有不同程度可转移性的个体捕捞配额或个体捕捞天数后期间对船队结构的影响。尽管在大多数情况下观察到规模经济，但发现以市场为基础的渔业管理通常不会比大型船队减少更多的小型船队。部分原因是针对底层物种的小型船只和大型船只中上层物种，部分原因是大船比小船更需要通过快速适应来持续利用其资本存量以确保回报。一个更重要的解释是监管设计，限制了船舶集团和地区之间的捕鱼权出售和租赁，以及个人和船舶在捕鱼权总配额中的份额。这对于考虑引入以市场为基础的渔业管理的国家很重要，因为北欧的经验表明，通过适当的监管设计，即使在规模经济下，小规模渔业也能生存下来，从而获得经济收益。限制了船舶集团和地区之间的捕鱼权出售和租赁，以及个人和船舶持有的捕鱼权总配额的份额。这对于考虑引入以市场为基础的渔业管理的国家很重要，因为北欧的经验表明，通过适当的监管设计，即使在规模经济下，小规模渔业也能生存下来，从而获得经济收益。限制了船舶集团和地区之间的捕鱼权出售和租赁，以及个人和船舶持有的捕鱼权总配额的份额。这对于考虑引入以市场为基础的渔业管理的国家很重要，因为北欧的经验表明，通过适当的监管设计，即使在规模经济下，小规模渔业也能生存下来，从而获得经济收益。