ABSTRACT

While earlier studies of Mongolian democracy focused on actor-based explanations for its success, this study discusses the previously less examined role of Mongolia’s semi-presidential constitution in the process of democratization. It examines how the semi-presidential political system in Mongolia evolved since 1992 and offers an in-depth examination of the Mongolian semi-presidential form of government institutionalized by the 1992 constitution and its subsequent amendments. Based on this, it also addresses the question of whether the Mongolian semi-presidential constitution was a weakness or a strength to democratization. This study argues that at an early stage when the political forces were learning the rules of the game, the constitution was an overall positive influence on democratization. Moreover, the main weaknesses linked to the constitutional design were more likely to be related to weak institutional control mechanisms that could be resolved at a lower level legal framework.

摘要

虽然早期对蒙古民主的研究侧重于对其成功的基于行为者的解释，但本研究讨论了以前较少研究的蒙古半总统制宪法在民主化过程中的作用。它考察了自 1992 年以来蒙古半总统制政治制度的演变过程，并对 1992 年宪法及其后续修正案制度化的蒙古半总统制政府形式进行了深入研究。在此基础上，它还解决了蒙古半总统制宪法是民主化的弱点还是优势的问题。本研究认为，在政治力量学习游戏规则的早期阶段，宪法对民主化具有总体积极影响。而且，