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Nest-site selection and nest design of Iberian bullfinches Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae in northwestern Spain
Avian Biology Research ( IF 0.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-27 , DOI: 10.1177/17581559211037501
Ángel Hernández 1, 2 , Pilar Zaldívar 3
Affiliation  

Nest-habitat selection and nest design in a Eurasian bullfinch population in the Iberian Peninsula are thoroughly addressed in this study for the first time. Hedgerows and meadows were found around all of the nests and most of them were supported by hedgerows, so bullfinches consistently used the general woody vegetation available as reproduction habitat and site. Also, poplar plantations appeared preferentially in the immediate surroundings of the nests. Partly reflecting these results, bullfinches chose zones with greater shrub and tree cover than that available. Bullfinches placed their nests on a wide variety of plant species, but showed predilection for thorny species. Overall mean height of nests above the ground was 1.43 m and large-sized shrubs/trees were preferred. The most predominant bullfinch nest orientations were S, E and centered, which arguably provided thermal benefits and protected from severe weather. In general, there were no significant temporal variations in nest-site selection. With the exception of thorny support and favourable orientation, acting jointly, there was no significant association between nest-site characteristics and nesting success, presumably because many nests were already located in the most advantageous places at each time, and because despite this, predation pressure was high. Nest external dimensions were relatively variable, whereas internal width was the least variable nest dimension. No significant monthly or interannual variations in nest weight were observed. Larger nests did not hold larger clutches. Successful nests were larger than unsuccessful ones. The bullfinch nests were of simple construction, with two clearly different regions, the outer nest and the internal cup, with no significant temporal variations in the weight of either. The outer, structural nest consisted mainly of twigs, whereas roots and herbaceous shoots were the highest fractions lining the cup. Hair was the only animal-derived material used by bullfinches.



中文翻译:

西班牙西北部伊比利亚红腹灰雀 Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae 的巢址选择和巢设计

本研究首次彻底解决了伊比利亚半岛欧亚红腹灰雀种群的巢穴栖息地选择和巢穴设计。所有巢穴周围都发现了树篱和草地,其中大部分都由树篱支撑,因此红腹灰雀一直使用一般的木本植被作为繁殖栖息地和场所。此外,杨树种植园优先出现在巢穴附近。部分反映了这些结果的是,红腹灰雀选择了灌木和树木覆盖面积大于可用面积的区域。红腹灰雀将巢穴放置在各种各样的植物物种上,但对棘手的物种表现出偏爱。巢的整体平均离地高度为 1.43 m,首选大型灌木/乔木。最主要的红腹灰雀巢方向是 S、E 和居中,可以说,这提供了热效益并保护了免受恶劣天气的影响。一般来说,巢址选择没有显着的时间变化。除了有刺的支撑和有利的定向,共同作用外,巢址特征与筑巢成功之间没有显着关联,大概是因为许多巢已经位于每次最有利的地方,并且因为尽管如此,捕食压力很高。巢的外部尺寸相对可变,而内部宽度是变化最小的巢尺寸。没有观察到巢重的显着月度或年际变化。较大的巢不能容纳较大的离合器。成功的鸟巢比不成功的鸟巢要大。红腹灰雀的巢穴结构简单,有两个明显不同的区域,外巢和内杯,两者的重量没有显着的时间变化。外部结构巢主要由树枝组成,而根和草本枝条是杯子内衬的最高部分。毛发是红腹灰雀唯一使用的动物来源材料。

更新日期:2021-09-27
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