Due to the high consumption of fat-rich processed foods, efforts are being done to reduce their saturated fat (SFA) contents and replace it with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), creating a necessity to find alternative PUFA sources. Macroalgae, being a promising natural source of healthy food, may be such an alternative. The fatty acid (FA) profile of Fucus spiralis, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Ulva lactuca, and Saccorhiza polyschides were determined through direct transesterification and their seasonal variation was studied. F. spiralis showed the highest FA content overall, B. bifurcata presented the higher PUFA amounts, and U. lactuca and S. polyschides the higher SFA. The production of FA was shown to be influenced by the seasons. Spring and summer seemed to induce the FA production in F. spiralis and B. bifurcata while in U. lactuca the same was verified in winter. U. lactuca presented a ω6/ω3 ratio between 0.59 and 1.38 while B. bifurcata presented a ratio around 1.31. The study on the seasonal variations of the macroalgal FA profile can be helpful to understand the best season to yield FA of interest, such as ALA, EPA, and DHA. It may also provide valuable information on the best culturing conditions for the production of desired FAs.

中文翻译：

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选定大型藻类脂肪酸谱季节性变化的研究

由于富含脂肪的加工食品的大量消费，正在努力减少其饱和脂肪 (SFA) 含量并用多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 取而代之，因此有必要寻找替代的 PUFA 来源。大型藻类是一种很有前途的健康食品天然来源，可能是这样的替代品。通过直接酯交换测定了墨角藻、Bifurcaria bifurcata、Ulva lactuca和Saccorhiza polyschides的脂肪酸 (FA) 谱，并研究了它们的季节性变化。F. spinis的 FA 含量总体上最高，B. bifurcata的 PUFA 含量较高，U. lactuca和S. polyschides具有较高的 SFA。FA的生产被证明受季节的影响。春季和夏季似乎诱导了F. spinis和B. bifurcata 中的 FA 产生，而在U. lactuca中，冬季也证实了这一点。U. lactuca的 ω6/ω3 比率介于 0.59 和 1.38 之间，而B. bifurcata的比率约为 1.31。对大型藻类 FA 剖面季节性变化的研究有助于了解产生感兴趣的 FA（如 ALA、EPA 和 DHA）的最佳季节。它还可以提供有关生产所需 FA 的最佳培养条件的宝贵信息。