Different parts of Araucaria bidiwillii (bunya pin) trees, such as nuts, seeds, bark, and shoots, are widely used in cooking, tea, and traditional medicines around the world. The shoots essential oil (EO) has not yet been studied. Herein, the chemical profile of A. bidiwillii shoots EO (ABSEO) was created by GC–MS analysis. Additionally, the in vivo oral and topical anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan-induced models, as well as antipyretic potentiality of ABSEO and its nanoemulsion were evaluated. Forty-three terpenoid components were identified and categorized as mono- (42.94%), sesqui- (31.66%), and diterpenes (23.74%). The main compounds of the ABSEO were beyerene (20.81%), α-pinene (16.21%), D-limonene (14.22%), germacrene D (6.69%), β-humulene (4.14%), and sabinene (4.12%). The ABSEO and its nanoemulsion exhibited significant inflammation suppression in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, in both oral (50 and 100 mg/kg) and topical (5% in soyabean oil) routes, compared to the control and reference drugs groups. All the results demonstrated the significant inflammation reduction via the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL8), nitrosative (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) supported by the histopathological studies and immunohistochemical assessment of MMP-9 and NF-κβ levels in paw tissues. Moreover, the oral administration of ABSEO and its nanoemulsion (50 and 100 mg/kg) exhibited antipyretic activity in rats, demonstrated by the inhibition of hyperthermia induced by intramuscular injection of brewer’s yeast. These findings advised that the use of ABSEO and its nanoemulsion against numerous inflammatory and hyperthermia ailments that could be attributed to its active constituents.

中文翻译：

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南洋杉枝条精油及其纳米乳剂的口服和局部抗炎和解热潜力与化学成分的关系

Araucaria bidiwillii ( bunya pin) 树的不同部分，如坚果、种子、树皮和芽，在世界各地被广泛用于烹饪、茶和传统药物。芽精油 (EO) 尚未研究。在此，A. bidiwillii的化学特征芽 EO (ABSEO) 是通过 GC-MS 分析产生的。此外，还评估了对角叉菜胶诱导模型的体内口服和局部抗炎作用，以及 ABSEO 及其纳米乳剂的解热潜力。鉴定了四十三种萜类成分并将其归类为单萜 (42.94%)、倍半萜 (31.66%) 和二萜 (23.74%)。ABSEO 的主要化合物为蒎烯 (20.81%)、α-蒎烯 (16.21%)、D-柠檬烯 (14.22%)、锗烯 D (6.69%)、β-葎草烯 (4.14%) 和刺槐烯 (4.12%) . 与对照组和参考药物组相比，ABSEO 及其纳米乳剂在角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠爪水肿模型中表现出显着的炎症抑制，在口服（50 和 100 毫克/千克）和局部（5% 的大豆油）途径中。所有结果表明，通过组织病理学研究和爪子中 MMP-9 和 NF-κβ 水平的免疫组织化学评估支持的炎性细胞因子（IL-1β 和 IL8）、亚硝基（NO）和前列腺素 E2（PGE2）显着减少炎症组织。此外，口服 ABSEO 及其纳米乳剂（50 和 100 毫克/千克）在大鼠中表现出解热活性，这可以通过抑制肌肉注射啤酒酵母引起的高热来证明。这些发现表明，使用 ABSEO 及其纳米乳剂可以对抗多种可归因于其活性成分的炎症和体温过高疾病。和前列腺素 E2 (PGE2) 得到了爪组织中 MMP-9 和 NF-κβ 水平的组织病理学研究和免疫组织化学评估的支持。此外，口服 ABSEO 及其纳米乳剂（50 和 100 毫克/千克）在大鼠中表现出解热活性，这可以通过抑制肌肉注射啤酒酵母引起的高热来证明。这些发现表明，使用 ABSEO 及其纳米乳剂可以对抗多种可归因于其活性成分的炎症和体温过高疾病。和前列腺素 E2 (PGE2) 得到了爪组织中 MMP-9 和 NF-κβ 水平的组织病理学研究和免疫组织化学评估的支持。此外，口服 ABSEO 及其纳米乳剂（50 和 100 毫克/千克）在大鼠中表现出解热活性，这可以通过抑制肌肉注射啤酒酵母引起的高热来证明。这些发现表明，使用 ABSEO 及其纳米乳剂可以对抗多种可归因于其活性成分的炎症和体温过高疾病。