The Calbuco volcano ranks third in the specific risk classification of volcanoes in Chile and has a detailed eruption record since 1853. During 2015, Calbuco had a sub-Plinian eruption with negative impacts in Chile and Argentina, highlighting the need to determine the long-term history of its activity at a high-resolution time scale to obtain a better understanding of its eruptive frequency. We developed a continuous eruptive record of Calbuco for the 1514–2016 period by dendrochemical analysis of Fitzroya cupressoides tree rings at a biennium resolution using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. After comparing the chemical record of 20 elements contained in tree rings with historical eruptions, one group exhibited positive anomalies during (Pb/Sn) and immediately after (Mo/P/Zn/Cu) eruptions, with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) ≥ 3, and so were classified as chemical tracers of past eruptions (TPE). The tree-ring width chronology also exhibited significant decreases in tree growth associated with eruptions of VEI ≥ 3. According to these records, we identified 11 new eruptive events of Calbuco, extending its eruptive chronology back to the 16th century and determining a mean eruptive frequency of ~23 years. Our results show the potential to use dendrochemical analysis to infer past volcanic eruptions in Northern Patagonia. This information provides a long-term perspective for assessing eruptive history in Northern Patagonia, with implications for territorial planning.

中文翻译：

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北巴塔哥尼亚年轮中的化学信号作为 16 世纪以来卡尔布科火山爆发的指标

Calbuco 火山在智利火山的特定风险分类中排名第三，自 1853 年以来就有详细的喷发记录。 2015 年，Calbuco 火山在智利和阿根廷发生了一次次普林尼亚喷发，对智利和阿根廷产生了负面影响，突出表明需要确定长期以高分辨率时间尺度了解其活动的历史，以更好地了解其喷发频率。我们通过Fitzroya cupressoides 的树状化学分析开发了 1514-2016 年间 Calbuco 的连续喷发记录使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法以两年期分辨率测量树木年轮。将年轮中含有的 20 种元素的化学记录与历史喷发进行比较，一组在 (Pb/Sn) 喷发期间和刚喷发后 (Mo/P/Zn/Cu) 表现出正异常，火山爆发指数 (VEI) ≥ 3，因此被归类为过去喷发的化学示踪剂（TPE）。年轮宽度年表也表现出与 VEI ≥ 3 喷发相关的树木生长显着下降。 根据这些记录，我们确定了 Calbuco 的 11 个新喷发事件，将其喷发年表追溯到 16 世纪，并确定了平均喷发频率约 23 年。我们的结果显示了使用树状化学分析来推断巴塔哥尼亚北部过去的火山喷发的潜力。