There is no doubt that the NATURA 2000 network has been one of the most relevant tools for nature protection. However, the designated areas within the borders of large cities are subjected to many threats. Traffic noise takes on a very important role in this subject, posing the question of whether NATURA 2000 areas should be located in urban areas strongly affected by noise pollution. This particular topic was exposed and analysed at Bielański Forest NATURA 2000 (PLH140041), located in northern Warsaw, where changes in noise distribution for the years 2007–2017 were examined and described by two types of indicators (Lden and Lnight). The data sources used for the analysis were city road noise maps for 2007, 2012 and 2017. Additionally, sound intensity measurements were taken in two separate groups of hot-spots. The first of these comprised locations determined based on an inventory of avifauna; they represented different habitat types, and were characterized by the highest bird activity. The second group of hot-spots consisted of those designated along roads in order to identify the main sources of traffic noise. The obtained results confirmed the high noise-absorbing ability of the existing vegetation. The avifauna surveys covered 19 forest bird species. Five of them were considered to be the most valuable and rare elements of the local avifauna, whereas 14 appeared to be key species for the functioning of biocenosis and, at the same time, determine the uniqueness of the ecosystem. The study showed that the type of habitat rather than differences in noise levels determines the distribution and abundance of key species. Therefore, there is a necessity to focus on actions that guarantee the maintenance of the existing status in order to counteract habitat deterioration. The investigation confirmed the feasibility of creating these kinds of natural protected areas in large cities, despite their exposure to noise pollution.

中文翻译：

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根据现有鸟类分析比兰斯基森林 NATURA 2000 地区的噪声污染（波兰华沙）

毫无疑问，NATURA 2000 网络一直是与自然保护最相关的工具之一。然而，大城市边界内的指定区域受到许多威胁。交通噪音在这个主题中扮演着非常重要的角色，提出了 NATURA 2000 区域是否应该位于受噪音污染严重影响的城市地区的问题。这个特定主题在位于华沙北部的 Bielański Forest NATURA 2000 (PLH140041) 中得到了揭示和分析，其中通过两种类型的指标（Lden 和 Lnight）检查和描述了 2007-2017 年噪声分布的变化。用于分析的数据源是 2007 年、2012 年和 2017 年的城市道路噪声地图。此外，在两个独立的热点组中进行了声音强度测量。其中第一个包括根据鸟类清单确定的位置；它们代表了不同的栖息地类型，以最高的鸟类活动为特征。第二组热点包括沿道路指定的热点，以识别交通噪音的主要来源。获得的结果证实了现有植被的高吸音能力。鸟类调查涵盖了 19 种森林鸟类。其中 5 种被认为是当地鸟类中最有价值和稀有的元素，而 14 种似乎是生物群落功能的关键物种，同时也决定了生态系统的独特性。研究表明，栖息地的类型而不是噪音水平的差异决定了关键物种的分布和丰度。所以，有必要将重点放在保证维持现有状况的行动上，以防止生境恶化。调查证实了在大城市建立这类自然保护区的可行性，尽管它们会受到噪音污染。