Effluents stemming from the textile industry are concerning from the environmental viewpoint, given that large volumes are generated and they present a high concentration of organic matter and toxicity. Dyes stand out among the substances present in such effluents because part of them does not fix on the fiber during the dyeing process, leaving the effluent with a strongly colored aspect and difficult to be treated. Due to the limitations and low efficiency of conventional processes, alternative forms for the treatment of textile effluents have been evaluated. Among them, the Fenton oxidation processes stand out, which are based on the use of iron as a catalyst in the conversion of H₂O₂ into highly reactive free radicals. The catalyst may be solubilized or used in the insoluble form (heterogeneous catalysis). Fenton reaction can be enhanced by combining UV, visible (photo-Fenton, solar photo-Fenton), or ultrasound radiation (sono-Fenton), and electrical current (Electro-Fenton). In this review, a brief mention of textile effluent characteristics is presented, and the fundamentals, advantages, limitations, and recent progress of the Fenton processes are addressed as alternatives to the treatment of textile effluents. A survey on the efficiency of such processes regarding the reduction of important characterization parameters (organic matter concentration, color, turbidity) for real textile effluents also is presented. From the real effluent data, it was noted that these processes are efficient in the reduction of organic pollutants and color. Among the Fenton processes, photo-Fenton showed better efficiencies and less variability for the different effluents treated (reducing on average 82% of COD and 95% of color). It has also been observed that such processes can be also efficient when combined with other processes (e.g. coagulation-flocculation or biological processes). Treated effluents present less toxicity and have been reused in the dyeing stage, although such an approach is still poorly evaluated. The costs for the treatment of real effluents calculated by different authors ranged from 1.1 to 28.9 USD per Kg of COD removed, where the processes that presented the lowest costs were classical Fenton and technologies that use solar energy, such Photo-Fenton and Photo-electro-Fenton.

来自纺织业的废水从环境角度来看是令人担忧的，因为产生的废水量很大，并且它们呈现出高浓度的有机物和毒性。在此类废水中存在的物质中，染料最为突出，因为它们的一部分在染色过程中不会固定在纤维上，从而使废水具有强烈的颜色并且难以处理。由于传统工艺的局限性和低效率，已经评估了处理纺织废水的替代形式。其中，Fenton 氧化工艺脱颖而出，它基于在 H ₂ O ₂转化中使用铁作为催化剂转化为高活性自由基。催化剂可以溶解或以不溶形式使用（多相催化）。芬顿反应可以通过结合紫外线、可见光（光芬顿、太阳能光芬顿）或超声波辐射（声波芬顿）和电流（电芬顿）来增强。在这篇综述中，简要介绍了纺织废水的特性，并讨论了芬顿工艺作为纺织废水处理的替代方案的基本原理、优点、局限性和最新进展。还介绍了有关减少实际纺织废水的重要表征参数（有机物浓度、颜色、浊度）的此类过程的效率的调查。从实际出水数据来看，注意到这些过程在减少有机污染物和颜色方面是有效的。在 Fenton 工艺中，photo-Fenton 对处理的不同废水表现出更好的效率和更小的可变性（平均减少 82% 的 COD 和 95% 的颜色）。还观察到，当与其他过程（例如凝结-絮凝或生物过程）结合时，此类过程也可以是有效的。处理过的废水毒性较小，并已在染色阶段重复使用，尽管这种方法仍然没有得到很好的评估。不同作者计算的实际污水处理成本为每公斤 COD 去除 1.1 至 28.9 美元，其中成本最低的工艺是经典的 Fenton 工艺和使用太阳能的技术，如 Photo-Fenton 和 Photo-electro - 芬顿。