In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), TiO₂ has long been a popular electron transport material for carrying photo-generated electrons from the dye to the outer circuit. However, increasing the electrical conductivity of TiO₂ while preserving its properties is one of the most significant challenges for increasing DSSC efficiency. Here, cobalt-reduced graphene oxide co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified sol-gel procfess that together controlled the particle size as well as narrowed bandgap of nanoparticles as determined by XRD and UV-Vis absorption measurements. The SEM and TEM were used to perform in-depth morphological characterization of the newly synthesized nanocomposites while J-V (current-voltage) curves, EIS Nyquist curves, and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra were used to examine the photovoltaic parameters. Enhanced short circuit current density (J_sc 12.83 mA cm⁻²), open-circuit voltage (V_oc 0.618 V) and overall power conversion efficiency (PCE, η = 5.24%) of DSSC was obtained with Co/rGO co-doped TiO₂ based photoanode in comparison to bare TiO₂ (η = 3.71%), cobalt doped TiO₂ (η = 4.09%) and rGO doped TiO₂ (η = 4.43%) based DSSCs. Huge improvement in efficiency, 41% higher PEC in Co/rGO co-doped TiO₂, was attributed to better utilization of visible radiations, greater dye adsorption and enhancement in charge transfer properties by suppressing the electron transport resistances. The incorporation of rGO improved electron transfer, which compensated for recombination losses, thereby increasing the DSSC's J_sc. The synergetic role of rGO and transition metal helped in keeping the structure intact in the nano-assembly that enhance the photo-generated carriers.

在染料敏化太阳能电池 (DSSC) 中，TiO ₂长期以来一直是一种流行的电子传输材料，用于将光生电子从染料传输到外电路。然而，提高 TiO _{2 的}电导率同时保持其性能是提高 DSSC 效率的最重要挑战之一。在这里，钴还原氧化石墨烯共掺杂 TiO ₂纳米颗粒是通过改进的溶胶-凝胶工艺合成的，该工艺共同控制了纳米颗粒的粒径以及通过 XRD 和 UV-Vis 吸收测量确定的窄带隙。SEM 和 TEM 用于对新合成的纳米复合材料进行深入的形态表征，而 JV（电流-电压）曲线、EIS 奈奎斯特曲线和入射光子电流转换效率（IPCE）光谱用于检查光伏参数。使用 Co/rGO 共掺杂的 TiO 获得了 DSSC增强的短路电流密度 ( J _sc 12.83 mA cm ^-2 )、开路电压 ( V _oc 0.618 V) 和总功率转换效率 (PCE, η = 5.24%) ₂基于光阳极与裸 TiO ₂ (η = 3.71%)、钴掺杂 TiO ₂ (η = 4.09%) 和 rGO 掺杂 TiO ₂ (η = 4.43%) 基 DSSC 相比。Co/rGO 共掺杂 TiO _{2 的}效率大幅提高，PEC 提高 41% ，这归因于更好地利用可见光辐射、更大的染料吸附和通过抑制电子传输阻力增强电荷转移性能。rGO 的加入改善了电子转移，补偿了重组损失，从而增加了 DSSC 的J _sc。rGO 和过渡金属的协同作用有助于保持纳米组件中结构的完整性，从而增强光生载流子。