Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are artificial persistent organic pollutants ubiquitous in ecosystem, and their bioaccumulation and adverse outcomes in plants have attracted extensive concerns. Here, we review the toxic effects of PFASs encountered by various plants from physiological, biochemical and molecular perspectives. The exposure routes and bioaccumulation of PFASs in plants from contaminated sites are also summarized. The bioaccumulation of PFASs in plants from contaminated sites varied between ng/g and μg/g levels. The 50% inhibition concentration of PFASs for plant growth is often several orders of magnitude higher than the environmentally relevant concentrations (ERCs). ERCs of PFASs rarely lead to obvious phenotypic/physiological damages in plants, but markedly perturb some biological activities at biochemical and molecular scales. PFAS exposure induces the over-generated reactive oxygen species and further damages plant cell structure and organelle functions. A number of biochemical activities in plant cells are perturbed, such as photosynthesis, gene expression, protein synthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. To restore the desire states of cells exposed to PFASs, plants initiate several detoxifying mechanisms, including enzymatic antioxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidants, metallothionein genes and metabolic reprogramming. Future challenges and opportunities in PFAS phytotoxicity studies are also proposed in the review.

全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）是生态系统中普遍存在的人工持久性有机污染物，其在植物中的生物积累和不良后果引起了广泛关注。在这里，我们从生理、生化和分子的角度回顾了各种植物遇到的 PFAS 的毒性作用。还总结了来自受污染场地的植物中 PFAS 的暴露途径和生物积累。来自受污染场地的植物中 PFAS 的生物蓄积在 ng/g 和 μg/g 水平之间变化。PFASs 对植物生长的 50% 抑制浓度通常比环境相关浓度 (ERCs) 高几个数量级。PFASs 的 ERCs 很少导致植物明显的表型/生理损伤，但显着扰乱了生化和分子尺度上的一些生物活动。PFAS 暴露会诱导过量产生的活性氧，并进一步损害植物细胞结构和细胞器功能。植物细胞中的许多生化活动受到干扰，例如光合作用、基因表达、蛋白质合成、碳和氮代谢。为了恢复暴露于 PFAS 的细胞的期望状态，植物启动了几种解毒机制，包括酶抗氧化剂、非酶抗氧化剂、金属硫蛋白基因和代谢重编程。该评价还提出了 PFAS 植物毒性研究的未来挑战和机遇。植物细胞中的许多生化活动受到干扰，例如光合作用、基因表达、蛋白质合成、碳和氮代谢。为了恢复暴露于 PFAS 的细胞的期望状态，植物启动了几种解毒机制，包括酶抗氧化剂、非酶抗氧化剂、金属硫蛋白基因和代谢重编程。该评价还提出了 PFAS 植物毒性研究的未来挑战和机遇。植物细胞中的许多生化活动受到干扰，例如光合作用、基因表达、蛋白质合成、碳和氮代谢。为了恢复暴露于 PFAS 的细胞的期望状态，植物启动了几种解毒机制，包括酶抗氧化剂、非酶抗氧化剂、金属硫蛋白基因和代谢重编程。该评价还提出了 PFAS 植物毒性研究的未来挑战和机遇。