A promising tool for nicotine addiction treatment is a programmable nicotine delivery device coupled to smart phone-assisted behavioral therapies. Key metrics for such a device are delivery of adjustable nicotine doses tailored to individual needs, compact size and power efficiency. Reported here is a detailed optimization of carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane fabrication based on electrochemical oxidation, to improve its electrically driven performance for nicotine fluxes and switching ON (-1.5 V)-OFF (0 V) flux ratio. ON- state nicotine flux of ~ 6 µmoles/cm²/h at -1.5 V applied bias was achieved allowing ~ 6-folds decrease in the size of device (4 cm²) to attain flux equivalent to high dose nicotine gum (1.1 µmoles/cm²/h). Application of + 1.5 V bias in OFF state reduced diffusional background flux, giving an ON (-1.5 V)/OFF (+ 1.5 V) flux ratio of 68 that enabled device to deliver between the highest nicotine gum (1.1 µmoles/cm²/h) and lowest nicotine patch (0.08 µmoles/cm²/h) doses, as well as taper off nicotine doses for long term addiction treatment. The nicotine transport mechanism was studied as a function of pH and applied bias, using neutral tracer molecule, showing a mechanism of both electroosmosis and electrophoresis in the atomically smooth nanofluidic pores of CNTs. Optimal power consumption/flux efficiency of 111(µW/cm²)/µmoles/cm²/h was achieved allowing watch-battery lifetimes of 7–62 days for conventional treatment dosing regimens. Bluetooth-enabled, remotely controlled CNT membrane system has potential for treatments of nicotine, opioid and alcohol addictions that needs dose adjustment with precise temporal control.

一种用于治疗尼古丁成瘾的有前途的工具是一种与智能手机辅助行为疗法相结合的可编程尼古丁输送装置。这种设备的关键指标是根据个人需求、紧凑的尺寸和功率效率提供可调节的尼古丁剂量。这里报告了基于电化学氧化的碳纳米管 (CNT) 膜制造的详细优化，以提高其尼古丁通量和开启 (-1.5 V)-关闭 (0 V) 通量比的电驱动性能。在 -1.5 V 施加偏压下，实现了约 6 µmoles/cm ² /h 的ON-state 尼古丁通量，使装置 (4 cm ² )的尺寸减小了约 6 倍，以达到相当于高剂量尼古丁口香糖 (1.1 µmoles) 的通量/厘米²/H）。在关闭状态下应用 + 1.5 V 偏置降低了扩散背景通量，使开启 (-1.5 V)/关闭 (+ 1.5 V) 通量比为 68，使设备能够在最高尼古丁口香糖 (1.1 µmoles/cm ² / h) 和最低尼古丁贴剂 (0.08 µmoles/cm ² /h) 剂量，以及逐渐减少用于长期成瘾治疗的尼古丁剂量。使用中性示踪分子研究了尼古丁传输机制作为 pH 值和施加的偏压的函数，显示了在碳纳米管的原子级光滑纳米流体孔中的电渗和电泳机制。最佳功耗/通量效率为 111(µW/cm ² )/µmoles/cm ²/h 的实现使得常规治疗给药方案的手表电池寿命为 7-62 天。支持蓝牙的远程控制 CNT 膜系统具有治疗尼古丁、阿片类药物和酒精成瘾的潜力，这些成瘾需要通过精确的时间控制进行剂量调整。