In the wake of antibiotic resistance, treatment of intractable wound have been very challenging and any alternative treatment which may lead to less use of antibiotics deserves further exploitation. Nanoparticle conjugates has potentially not only reduce antibiotic use but it has been considered safe and effectively disinfect wounds already colonized with resistant bacteria as well as promoting granulation tissue formation. In this study, Iodine-doped silver nanoparticle Ointment (Ag-I NPs) was investigated for its toxicological effect on excisional wound of albino rats. Aqueous extraction of Piper guineense leaf was carried out and used for the synthesis of Ag-I NPs. The synthesized Ag-I NPs were characterized by Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer which confirmed the availability of silver nanoparticles. The particles were then used to prepare a wound healing ointment for treating excision wound inflicted on wistar rat model. Blood samples, liver and kidney biopsies were collected on the 21st day of the experiment from all the rats for hematology, biochemical and histopathological analysis. In the hematological and biochemical analysis, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of experimental rats treated with Ag-I NPs were significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to the untreated group. In the histopathology, the photomicrograph of the liver showed the normal control, PEG, Ag-NP, and Ag-I NP groups remained intact displaying distinctive histo-morphological appearance and stable cell density while the untreated (UTD) group showed fatty liver and reduced cellular density. The kidney photomicrograph of the normal control and Ag- I NP groups were present with intact renal corpuscles while the other photomicrographs displayed corpuscular degeneration marked by the large halo-spaced bowman space. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and iodine-doped silver nanoparticle (Ag-I NP) altered haematological parameters in the rats and also influenced some biochemical changes in the serum of the rats. While in the histopathological study, the antioxidant present in the plant extract used to synthesize Ag NPs and Ag I-NPs may have functioned in synergy to maintain and preserve the integrity of the hepatocytes and renal corpuscles of the rats.

中文翻译：

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生物合成掺碘银纳米颗粒伤口软膏在实验大鼠中的安全性评价

在抗生素耐药性之后，难治性伤口的治疗一直非常具有挑战性，任何可能导致抗生素使用量减少的替代疗法都值得进一步开发。纳米粒子缀合物不仅可能减少抗生素的使用，而且被认为安全有效地消毒已经定植有抗药性细菌的伤口，并促进肉芽组织的形成。在这项研究中，研究了掺碘银纳米颗粒软膏（Ag-I NPs）对白化大鼠切除伤口的毒理学影响。进行了Piper guineense 叶的水提，并用于合成Ag-I NP。合成的Ag-I NPs通过紫外可见分光光度计表征，证实了银纳米颗粒的可用性。然后将这些颗粒用于制备伤口愈合软膏，用于治疗 wistar 大鼠模型的切除伤口。实验第21天采集所有大鼠的血样、肝肾活检标本进行血液学、生化和组织病理学分析。在血液学和生化分析中，Ag-I NPs处理的实验大鼠的血红蛋白（Hb）、压实细胞体积（PCV）和平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）有显着差异（ p < 0.05) 与未治疗组相比。在组织病理学上，肝脏显微照片显示正常对照、PEG、Ag-NP、和 Ag-I NP 组保持完整，显示出独特的组织形态学外观和稳定的细胞密度，而未处理 (UTD) 组显示出脂肪肝和细胞密度降低。正常对照组和 Ag-I NP 组的肾脏显微照片存在完整的肾小体，而其他显微照片显示以大晕圈间隔的鲍曼空间为标志的小球变性。银纳米颗粒 (Ag NPs) 和掺碘银纳米颗粒 (Ag-I NP) 改变了大鼠的血液学参数，也影响了大鼠血清中的一些生化变化。而在组织病理学研究中，用于合成 Ag NPs 和 Ag I-NPs 的植物提取物中存在的抗氧化剂可能具有协同作用，以维持和保护大鼠肝细胞和肾小体的完整性。