Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a kind of clean and efficient device to convert chemical energy in fuels into electricity. However, since anodes with high catalytic activity and carbon tolerance are still underdeveloped, the consequent serious performance degradation of the cells under operational conditions significantly confines their commercial applications. Here we propose a new strategy to remove carbon deposition by in-situ formation of alkali metal carbonate on the anode surface. A multi-phase composite anode, which is composed of an orthorhombic single perovskite main phase, a Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) layered perovskite second phase, and an in-situ exsolved FeNi alloy minor phase, is developed by one-step reduction of La_0.65Li_0.05Sr_0.3Fe_0.8Ni_0.2O_3-δ (LLSFN_0.05) at a high temperature. The deficiencies of the RP phase and A-site caused by Li dopant would increase oxygen bulk diffusion, and FeNi nanoparticles would boost the catalytic activity. Moreover, when dealing with carbon fuel, lithium carbonate can be synthesized on the anode surface, serving as a good oxygen ion conductor and an efficient catalyst for coke removal by gasification. A single cell with our reduced LLSFN_0.05 anode exhibited maximum power densities of 596, 467, and 424 mW cm⁻² at 750 ℃ with H₂, CO, and wet C₂H₆ as the fuel, respectively. In addition, the cells could have a long-term stable operation for over 80 h using CO as the fuel at 200 mA cm⁻². This study provides a new material design strategy to develop a highly active and coke-resistant anode.

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFCs）是一种将燃料中的化学能转化为电能的清洁高效装置。然而，由于具有高催化活性和碳耐受性的阳极仍然不发达，因此电池在运行条件下严重的性能下降极大地限制了它们的商业应用。在这里，我们提出了一种通过在阳极表面原位形成碱金属碳酸盐来去除碳沉积的新策略。通过一步还原 La，开发了一种多相复合阳极，由斜方单钙钛矿主相、Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) 层状钙钛矿第二相和原位溶出的 FeNi 合金次相组成。_0.65锂_0.05锶_0.3铁_0.8 Ni _0.2 O _3-δ (LLSFN _0.05 ) 在高温下。Li掺杂剂引起的RP相和A位的缺陷会增加氧的体扩散，而FeNi纳米颗粒会提高催化活性。此外，在处理碳燃料时，碳酸锂可以在阳极表面合成，作为良好的氧离子导体和气化除焦的有效催化剂。具有我们降低的 LLSFN _0.05阳极的单电池在 750 ℃ 下使用 H ₂、CO 和湿 C ₂ H ₆表现出的最大功率密度为596、467和 424 mW cm ^-2分别作为燃料。此外，电池可以在200 mA cm ^{-2 下}使用CO 作为燃料长期稳定运行80 小时以上。该研究为开发高活性和抗焦化阳极提供了一种新的材料设计策略。