Air entraining admixtures (AEAs) are surfactant-based solutions and powders that are used to stabilize air voids in cement paste that protect concrete against frost damage. After reviewing the chemical and structural features of AEA that govern their performance, we discuss: (i) how they establish a stabilizing shell around air voids, (ii) methods for quantifying the distribution of voids after mixing and after hardening, (iii) mechanisms by which voids protect against frost damage, (iv) effects of AEA on other properties of wet and hardened concrete, and (v) interactions of AEA with other chemical and supplementary cementitious materials.

中文翻译：

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加气外加剂：机理、评价和相互作用

加气外加剂 (AEA) 是基于表面活性剂的溶液和粉末，用于稳定水泥浆中的空隙，保护混凝土免受冻害。在回顾了 AEA 控制其性能的化学和结构特征后，我们讨论了：（i）它们如何在空隙周围建立稳定的外壳，（ii）量化混合后和硬化后空隙分布的方法，（iii）机制空隙可以防止冻害，(iv) AEA 对潮湿和硬化混凝土的其他性能的影响，以及 (v) AEA 与其他化学和补充胶凝材料的相互作用。