ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted for two-consecutive summer seasons of 2016–17 and 2017–18 at Agriculture Research Institute Mingora Swat, Pakistan, on soybean and maize under soybean-wheat (S-W) and maize-wheat (M-W) cropping systems. Three peach sources were used as a residues, its compost and its Nano-black carbon, three phosphorus-rates (50, 75 and 100 kg-ha⁻¹) and two beneficial microbes (PSB and Trichoderma) were tested for improvement of ensilage biomass of maize and soybean, and soil organic-carbon (SOC) under both cropping systems. The results revealed that all the treated plots produced highest SOC compared to the control plots under soybean and maize cropping system. Improved SOC was noted with the OS amendment of Nano-black carbon in both cropping systems. Whereas minimum SOC was noted in soybean experimentation with compost while in maize plot reduced SOC was noted with peach residues incorporation. Beneficial microbes had a significant effect on SOC and improved SOC was recorded with soil application Trichoderma as compared to seed inoculation with PSB in soybean and maize plots. Phosphorus levels had also significant effect on SOC and highest SOC was recorded at 100 kg P ha⁻¹ followed by 75 kg P ha⁻¹ whereas the smallest SOC was recorded with 50 kg P ha⁻¹. Ensilage highest biomass of the both crops was noted with peach Nano-black carbon, followed by compost and reduced biomass were noted with peach residues application. Among the P-rate, increased ensilage biomass was recorded with 100 kg P ha⁻¹application while in case of beneficial microbes application, soil application of Trichoderma produced highest biomass as compared to seed inoculation with PSB.

摘要

在 2016-17 和 2017-18 年的两个连续夏季，巴基斯坦明戈拉斯瓦特农业研究所在大豆 - 小麦（SW）和玉米 - 小麦（MW）种植系统下对大豆和玉米进行了田间试验。三种桃源用作残留物、堆肥和纳米黑碳、三种磷率（50、75 和 100 kg-ha ^-1）和两种有益微生物（PSB 和木霉) 测试了两种作物系统下玉米和大豆的青贮生物量和土壤有机碳 (SOC) 的改善。结果表明，与大豆和玉米种植系统下的对照地块相比，所有处理过的地块都产生了最高的 SOC。两种种植系统中纳米黑碳的 OS 修正都注意到了 SOC 的改善。而在大豆试验中用堆肥观察到最低 SOC，而在玉米地块中，通过掺入桃渣注意到 SOC 降低。有益微生物对 SOC 有显着影响，与在大豆和玉米地块中接种 PSB 的种子相比，土壤施用木霉可记录改善的 SOC 。磷水平对 SOC 也有显着影响，最高 SOC 记录为 100 kg P ha ^-1其次是 75 kg P ha ^{-1 ，}而最小的 SOC 记录为 50 kg P ha ^-1。两种作物的青贮最高生物量用桃纳米黑碳观察到，其次是堆肥，用桃渣应用注意到生物量降低。在P 率中，记录了 100 kg P ha ^-1施用增加的青贮生物量，而在施用有益微生物的情况下，与用 PSB 接种的种子相比，土壤施用木霉产生最高的生物量。