Scientific Reports ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-24 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98415-9 Mohamed Z M Salem 1 , Hayssam M Ali 2 , Mohammad Akrami 3
In the present study, and for the waste valorization, Moringa oleifera seeds-removed ripened pods (SRRP) were used for papersheet production and for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Fibers were characterized by SEM–EDX patterns, while the phytoconstituents in ethanol extract was analyzed by HPLC. The inhibition percentage of fungal mycelial growth (IFMG) of the treated Melia azedarach wood with M. oleifera SRRP extract at the concentrations of 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 µg/mL against the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium culmorum was calculated and compared with fluconazole (25 µg). The produced papersheet was treated with the ethanol extract (4000, 2000, and 1000 µg/mL) and assayed for its antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia amylovora, and Pectobacterium atrosepticum by measuring the inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). According to chemical analysis of M. oleifera SRRP, benzene:alcohol extractives, holocellulose, lignin, and ash contents were 7.56, 64.94, 25.66 and 1.53%, respectively, while for the produced unbleached pulp, the screen pulp yield and the Kappa number were 39% and 25, respectively. The produced papersheet showed tensile index, tear index, burst index, and double fold number values of 58.8 N m/g, 3.38 mN m2/g, 3.86 kPa m2/g, and 10.66, respectively. SEM examination showed that the average fiber diameter was 16.39 µm, and the mass average of for elemental composition of C and O by EDX were, 44.21%, and 55.79%, respectively. The main phytoconstituents in the extract (mg/100 g extract) by HPLC were vanillic acid (5053.49), benzoic acid (262.98), naringenin (133.02), chlorogenic acid (66.16), and myricetin (56.27). After 14 days of incubation, M. oleifera SRRP extract-wood treated showed good IFMG against R. solani (36.88%) and F. culmorum (51.66%) compared to fluconazole, where it observed 42.96% and 53.70%, respectively. Moderate to significant antibacterial activity was found, where the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 500, 650, and 250 µg/mL against the growth of A. tumefaciens, E. amylovora, and P. atrosepticum respectively, which were lower than the positive control used (Tobramycin 10 µg/disc). In conclusion, M. oleifera SRRP showed promising properties as a raw material for pulp and paper production as well as for the extraction of bioactive compounds.
中文翻译:
辣木种子去除成熟豆荚作为纸张生产的替代品:使用 HPLC 的抗菌活性及其植物成分分布
在本研究中,为了废物利用,辣木去籽成熟豆荚 (SRRP) 被用于纸张生产和生物活性化合物的提取。通过 SEM-EDX 模式表征纤维,而通过 HPLC 分析乙醇提取物中的植物成分。用M. oleifera SRRP 提取物在 10,000、20,000 和 30,000 µg/mL 浓度下处理苦楝木的真菌菌丝体生长 (IFMG)对立枯丝核菌和镰刀菌生长的抑制百分比计算并与氟康唑 (25 µg) 进行比较。用乙醇提取物(4000、2000 和 1000 µg/mL)处理所生产的纸片,并通过测量抑菌圈和最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)测定其对根癌农杆菌、解淀粉欧文氏菌和黑脓杆菌的抗菌活性。根据M. oleifera 的化学分析SRRP、苯:醇提取物、全纤维素、木质素和灰分含量分别为 7.56、64.94、25.66 和 1.53%,而生产的未漂白纸浆的筛浆收率和卡伯值分别为 39% 和 25。所生产的纸张显示出58.8 N m/g、3.38 mN m 2 /g、3.86 kPa m 2 的拉伸指数、撕裂指数、破裂指数和双倍数值/g 和 10.66,分别。SEM 检测表明,平均纤维直径为 16.39 µm,EDX 对 C 和 O 元素组成的质量平均值分别为 44.21% 和 55.79%。高效液相色谱法测定提取物中的主要植物成分(mg/100 g 提取物)为香草酸(5053.49)、苯甲酸(262.98)、柚皮素(133.02)、绿原酸(66.16)和杨梅素(56.27)。孵育 14 天后,经过处理的M. oleifera SRRP 提取物木材对R. solani (36.88%) 和F. culmorum表现出良好的IFMG(51.66%)与氟康唑相比,分别为 42.96% 和 53.70%。发现具有中至显着的抗菌活性,其中对根癌农杆菌、解淀粉大肠杆菌和黑脓毒杆菌生长的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值分别为500、650和250微克/毫升,低于使用阳性对照(妥布霉素 10 µg/盘)。总之,M. oleifera SRRP 作为纸浆和纸张生产以及生物活性化合物提取的原料显示出有前景的特性。