ABSTRACT

This paper argues that critical realism is one of the main theoretical orientations of the social sciences in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Critical realism aims to study the transcendental conditions of cognition, and it assumes that reality exists independently of our perceptive abilities. Furthermore, it assumes that reality is ontologically stratified wherein one can distinguish three ontological domains: empirical, actual, and real. In terms of social science, critical realism, therefore, posits that social structures have a real ontological basis independent of researchers’ empirical observations. This paper also emphasizes the role of Roy Bhaskar in the development of the philosophy of critical realism. It is worth noting that he developed his research in the field of social sciences on the basis of the model of dialectical critical realism. This model is not a solution developed within the social sciences, but a philosophical approach that proposes how knowledge about people and social structures can be developed, interpreted and described.

摘要

本文认为批判实在论是20和21世纪社会科学的主要理论取向之一。批判现实主义旨在研究认知的先验条件，它假设现实独立于我们的感知能力而存在。此外，它假设现实是本体论分层的，其中可以区分三个本体论领域：经验、实际和真实。因此，就社会科学而言，批判现实主义假定社会结构具有独立于研究人员的经验观察的真实本体论基础。本文还强调了罗伊·巴斯卡 (Roy Bhaskar) 在批判现实主义哲学发展中的作用。值得注意的是，他在社会科学领域的研究是在辩证批判现实主义模式的基础上展开的。该模型不是在社会科学中开发的解决方案，而是一种哲学方法，它提出了如何开发、解释和描述关于人和社会结构的知识。