We investigate systematically four outbursts of black hole system GX 339-4 observed by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) in both spectral and timing domains and find that these outbursts have some common properties, although they experience different ‘q’ tracks in the hardness–intensity diagram (HID). While the spectral indices are around 1.5 in the low/hard state (LHS) and 2.4 in the soft intermediate state (SIMS) and high/soft state (HSS), the spectral parameters of thermal, non-thermal, and reflection components vary significantly in transitions from the LHS to HIMS. Also, the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) shows a peculiar behaviour during the state transition between the LHS and HIMS: the RMS drop of the type C fundamental QPO is accompanied by the appearance of the second harmonic. Interestingly, the QPO RMS is found to have a similar linear relationship with the non-thermal fraction of emission in different outbursts. These findings provide more clues to aid our understanding of the outbursts of a black hole X-ray binary system.

中文翻译：

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GX 339-4 在其爆发上升阶段的状态转换

我们系统地研究了罗西 X 射线计时探测器 (RXTE) 在光谱和计时域中观测到的黑洞系统 GX 339-4 的四次爆发，发现这些爆发具有一些共同的特性，尽管它们在硬度-强度图（HID）。虽然低/硬态 (LHS) 的光谱指数约为 1.5，而软中间态 (SIMS) 和高/软态 (HSS) 的光谱指数约为 2.4，但热、非热和反射分量的光谱参数差异很大在从 LHS 到 HIMS 的过渡中。此外，准周期振荡（QPO）在 LHS 和 HIMS 之间的状态转换期间表现出一种特殊的行为：C 型基波 QPO 的 RMS 下降伴随着二次谐波的出现。有趣的是，发现 QPO RMS 与不同爆发中的非热发射部分具有相似的线性关系。这些发现为帮助我们理解黑洞 X 射线双星系统的爆发提供了更多线索。