We measure the rate of environmentally driven star formation quenching in galaxies at z ∼ 1, using eleven massive ($M\approx 2\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) galaxy clusters spanning a redshift range 1.0 < z < 1.4 from the GOGREEN sample. We identify three different types of transition galaxies: ‘green valley’ (GV) galaxies identified from their rest-frame (NUV − V) and (V − J) colours; ‘blue quiescent’ (BQ) galaxies, found at the blue end of the quiescent sequence in (U − V) and (V − J) colour; and spectroscopic post-starburst (PSB) galaxies. We measure the abundance of these galaxies as a function of stellar mass and environment. For high-stellar mass galaxies (log M/M⊙ > 10.5) we do not find any significant excess of transition galaxies in clusters, relative to a comparison field sample at the same redshift. It is likely that such galaxies were quenched prior to their accretion in the cluster, in group, filament, or protocluster environments. For lower stellar mass galaxies (9.5 < log M/M⊙ < 10.5) there is a small but significant excess of transition galaxies in clusters, accounting for an additional ∼5–10 per cent of the population compared with the field. We show that our data are consistent with a scenario in which 20–30 per cent of low-mass, star-forming galaxies in clusters are environmentally quenched every Gyr, and that this rate slowly declines from z = 1 to z = 0. While environmental quenching of these galaxies may include a long delay time during which star formation declines slowly, in most cases this must end with a rapid (τ < 1 Gyr) decline in star formation rate.

中文翻译：

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GOGREEN 调查：过渡星系和环境淬火的演变

我们使用跨越红移的 11 个大质量 ($M\约 2\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) 星系团来测量 z ∼ 1 星系中环境驱动的恒星形成猝灭率范围 1.0 < z＜1.4 来自 GOGREEN 样本。我们确定了三种不同类型的过渡星系：“绿谷”（GV）星系从它们的静止框架（NUV - V）和（V - J）颜色中识别出来；“蓝色静止”（BQ）星系，位于静止序列的蓝色末端，颜色为（U-V）和（V-J）；和光谱后星暴（PSB）星系。我们测量这些星系的丰度作为恒星质量和环境的函数。对于高恒星质量星系（log M/M⊙ > 10.5），相对于相同红移的比较场样本，我们没有发现星团中的过渡星系有任何显着过剩。这些星系很可能在它们在星团、群、灯丝或原星团环境中吸积之前就已经熄灭了。对于较低恒星质量的星系（9.5 < log M/M⊙ < 10.5），星团中的过渡星系有少量但显着的过剩，与现场相比占额外的约 5-10%。我们表明，我们的数据与以下情况一致，即星团中 20% 至 30% 的低质量恒星形成星系在每个 Gyr 中都被环境淬火，并且这个速率从 z = 1 缓慢下降到 z = 0。虽然这些星系的环境淬火可能包括很长的延迟时间，在此期间恒星形成缓慢下降，在大多数情况下，这必须以恒星形成速率的快速（τ < 1 Gyr）下降结束。