Since its emergence at the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide at a very rapid pace. While most infected individuals have an asymptomatic or mild disease, a minority, mainly the elderly, develop a severe disease that may lead to a fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS results from a highly inflammatory immunopathology process that includes systemic manifestations and massive alveolar damages that impair gas exchange. The present review summarizes our current knowledge in the rapidly evolving field of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, emphasizing the role of specific T cell responses. Indeed, accumulating evidence suggest that while T-cell response directed against SARS-CoV-2 likely plays a crucial role in virus clearance, it may also participate in the immunopathology process that leads to ARDS.

自 2019 年底出现以来，SARS-CoV-2 以非常快的速度在全球传播。虽然大多数感染者患有无症状或轻度疾病，但少数（主要是老年人）会患上可能导致致命急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS) 的严重疾病。ARDS 由高度炎症性免疫病理过程引起，包括全身表现和损害气体交换的大量肺泡损伤。本综述总结了我们目前在快速发展的 SARS-CoV-2 免疫病理学领域的知识，强调了特定 T 细胞反应的作用。事实上，越来越多的证据表明，虽然针对 SARS-CoV-2 的 T 细胞反应可能在病毒清除中起关键作用，但它也可能参与导致 ARDS 的免疫病理学过程。