Flexible planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs), with the advantages of small size, easy integration and expansion on electronic devices, have emerged as one of the most critical power devices in wearable and portable electronics. However, most processes involve independent preparation of electrode materials, patterned microelectrodes, and subsequent modular integration, making the steps very complicated. Herein, we have developed a novel, simple and one-step laser direct writing process to design planar shape-controllable MnO₂ nanoparticles evenly embedded in laser-induced graphene (MnO₂/LIG) MSCs on different flexible substrates. The obtained MnO₂/LIG MSCs show an outstanding areal specific capacity of 15.04 mF cm^–2, a high energy density of 1.22 mWh cm^–2 at a good power density of 1.278 mW cm^–2, good mechanical flexibility and remarkable modular integration due to effective design of pseudocapacitive MnO₂ nanoparticles evenly embedded in highly conductive LIG with 3D porous structure. This universal manufacturing route for controllable assembly of flexible planar MSCs with other pseudocapacitive nanoparticles embedded into LIG, thus broadening their flexible and wearable application as a promising storage device to meet the modular integration and biocompatibility.

柔性平面微型超级电容器（MSCs）具有体积小、易于在电子设备上集成和扩展等优点，已成为可穿戴和便携式电子产品中最关键的功率器件之一。然而，大多数过程涉及电极材料的独立制备、图案化微电极以及随后的模块化集成，使得步骤非常复杂。在此，我们开发了一种新颖、简单和一步的激光直写工艺，以设计平面形状可控的 MnO ₂纳米颗粒，均匀嵌入不同柔性基板上的激光诱导石墨烯 (MnO ₂ /LIG) MSC。获得的 MnO ₂ /LIG MSC 显示出 15.04 mF cm ^–2的出色面积比容量，1.22 mWh cm ^–2的高能量密度和1.278 mW cm ^–2的良好功率密度，良好的机械灵活性和显着的模块化集成，这是由于有效设计的赝电容 MnO ₂纳米颗粒均匀嵌入具有 3D 多孔结构的高导电 LIG 中。这种将柔性平面 MSCs 与嵌入 LIG 的其他赝电容纳米粒子可控组装的通用制造路线，从而拓宽了其柔性和可穿戴应用，作为满足模块化集成和生物相容性的有前途的存储设备。