Breast cancer is one of the top-ranked cancers for incidence and mortality worldwide. The biggest challenges in breast cancer treatment are metastasis and drug resistance, for which work on molecular evaluation, mechanism studies, and screening of therapeutic targets is ongoing. Factors that lead to inflammatory infiltration and immune system suppression in the tumor microenvironment are potential therapeutic targets. Interleukin-1 is known as a proinflammatory and immunostimulatory cytokine, which plays important roles in inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that interleukin-1 cytokines drive the formation and maintenance of an inflammatory/immunosuppressive microenvironment through complex intercellular signal crosstalk and tight intracellular signal transduction, which were found to be potentially involved in the mechanism of metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer. Some preclinical and clinical treatments or interventions to block the interleukin-1/interleukin-1 receptor system and its up- and downstream signaling cascades have also been proven effective. This study provides an overview of IL-1-mediated signal communication in breast cancer and discusses the potential of IL-1 as a therapeutic target especially for metastatic breast cancer and combination therapy and current problems, aiming at enlightening new ideas in the study of inflammatory cytokines and immune networks in the tumor microenvironment.

中文翻译：

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调节乳腺癌炎症微环境、转移和耐药性的关键因素：IL-1 信号传导

乳腺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的癌症之一。乳腺癌治疗的最大挑战是转移和耐药性，目前正在进行分子评估、机制研究和治疗靶点筛选的工作。导致肿瘤微环境中炎症浸润和免疫系统抑制的因素是潜在的治疗靶点。Interleukin-1 被称为促炎和免疫刺激细胞因子，在炎症性疾病中起重要作用。最近的研究表明，IL-1 细胞因子通过复杂的细胞间信号串扰和紧密的细胞内信号转导，驱动炎症/免疫抑制微环境的形成和维持，发现它们可能与乳腺癌的转移和耐药机制有关。一些临床前和临床治疗或干预以阻断白细胞介素 1/白细胞介素 1 受体系统及其上下游信号级联也已被证明是有效的。本研究概述了 IL-1 介导的乳腺癌信号通讯，并讨论了 IL-1 作为治疗靶点特别是转移性乳腺癌和联合治疗的潜力以及当前存在的问题，旨在启发炎症研究的新思路。肿瘤微环境中的细胞因子和免疫网络。一些临床前和临床治疗或干预以阻断白细胞介素 1/白细胞介素 1 受体系统及其上下游信号级联也已被证明是有效的。本研究概述了 IL-1 介导的乳腺癌信号通讯，并讨论了 IL-1 作为治疗靶点特别是转移性乳腺癌和联合治疗的潜力以及当前存在的问题，旨在启发炎症研究的新思路。肿瘤微环境中的细胞因子和免疫网络。一些临床前和临床治疗或干预以阻断白细胞介素 1/白细胞介素 1 受体系统及其上下游信号级联也已被证明是有效的。本研究概述了 IL-1 介导的乳腺癌信号通讯，并讨论了 IL-1 作为治疗靶点特别是转移性乳腺癌和联合治疗的潜力以及当前存在的问题，旨在启发炎症研究的新思路。肿瘤微环境中的细胞因子和免疫网络。