The structure and constitution of opaque materials can be studied with X-ray imaging methods such as 3D tomography. To observe the dynamic evolution of their structure and the distribution of constituents, for example, during processing, heating, mechanical loading, etc., 3D imaging has to be fast enough. In this paper, the recent developments of time-resolved X-ray tomography that have led to what one now calls “tomoscopy” are briefly reviewed A novel setup is presented and applied that pushes temporal resolution down to just 1 ms, that is, 1000 tomograms per second (tps) are acquired, while maintaining spatial resolutions of micrometers and running experiments for minutes without interruption. Applications recorded at different acquisition rates ranging from 50 to 1000 tps are presented. The authors observe and quantify the immiscible hypermonotectic reaction of AlBi10 (in wt%) alloy and dendrite evolution in AlGe10 (in wt%) casting alloy during fast solidification. The combustion process and the evolution of the constituents are analyzed in a burning sparkler. Finally, the authors follow the structure and density of two metal foams over a long period of time and derive details of bubble formation and bubble ageing including quantitative analyses of bubble parameters with millisecond temporal resolution.

中文翻译：

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断层扫描：材料动态过程的时间分辨断层扫描

不透明材料的结构和组成可以通过 X 射线成像方法（例如 3D 断层扫描）进行研究。为了观察其结构的动态演变和成分分布，例如在加工、加热、机械加载等过程中，3D 成像必须足够快。在本文中，我们简要回顾了时间分辨 X 射线断层扫描的最新发展，这些发展导致了现在所谓的“断层检查”。提出并应用了一种新颖的设置，将时间分辨率降低到 1 毫秒，即 1000每秒获取断层图像 (tps)，​​同时保持微米的空间分辨率并不间断地运行实验数分钟。介绍了以 50 到 1000 tps 的不同采集速率记录的应用程序。作者观察并量化了 AlBi10（重量百分比）合金的不混溶超单晶反应和 AlGe10（重量百分比）铸造合金在快速凝固过程中的枝晶演化。在燃烧的烟火中分析燃烧过程和成分的演变。最后，作者长时间跟踪两种金属泡沫的结构和密度，推导出气泡形成和气泡老化的细节，包括以毫秒时间分辨率对气泡参数进行定量分析。