The sudden rise of the worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in early 2020 has called into drastic action measures to perform instant detection and reduce the rate of spread. Common clinical and nonclinical diagnostic testing methods have been partially effective in satisfying the increasing demand for fast detection point-of-care (POC) methods to slow down further spread. However, accurate point-of-risk diagnosis of this emerging viral infection is paramount as the need for simultaneous standard operating procedures and symptom management of SARS-CoV-2 will be the norm for years to come. A sensitive, cost-effective biosensor with mass production capability is crucial until a universal vaccination becomes available. Optical biosensors can provide a noninvasive, extremely sensitive rapid detection platform with sensitivity down to ∼67 fg/ml (1 fM) concentration in a few minutes. These biosensors can be manufactured on a mass scale (millions) to detect the COVID-19 viral load in nasal, saliva, urine, and serological samples, even if the infected person is asymptotic. Methods investigated here are the most advanced available platforms for biosensing optical devices that have resulted from the integration of state-of-the-art designs and materials. These approaches include, but are not limited to, integrated optical devices, plasmonic resonance, and emerging nanomaterial biosensors. The lab-on-chip platforms examined here are suitable not only for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection but also for other contagious virions such as influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

中文翻译：

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通过先进的片上实验室光学生物传感器实现快速、准确、即时的 COVID-19 大流行诊断：机遇与挑战

2020 年初，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 在全球范围内突然流行，需要采取严厉的行动措施来进行即时检测并降低传播率。常见的临床和非临床诊断检测方法在满足快速检测即时检测 (POC) 方法以减缓进一步传播的需求方面已部分有效。然而，对这种新出现的病毒感染进行准确的风险点诊断至关重要，因为同步标准操作程序和 SARS-CoV-2 症状管理的需求将成为未来几年的常态。在通用疫苗问世之前，具有大规模生产能力的灵敏、经济高效的生物传感器至关重要。光学生物传感器可以提供非侵入性、极其灵敏的快速检测平台，其灵敏度在几分钟内浓度可低至 ∼67 fg/ml (1 fM)。这些生物传感器可以大规模（数百万）制造，以检测鼻腔、唾液、尿液和血清学样本中的 COVID-19 病毒载量，即使感染者是渐进的。这里研究的方法是生物传感光学设备的最先进的可用平台，这些平台是由最先进的设计和材料集成而成的。这些方法包括但不限于集成光学器件、等离子体共振和新兴的纳米材料生物传感器。这里检查的芯片实验室平台不仅适用于 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白检测，还适用于其他传染性病毒颗粒，例如流感和中东呼吸综合征 (MERS)。