Silicon monoxide (SiO) has been explored and confirmed as a promising anode material of lithium-ion batteries. Compared with pure silicon, SiO possesses a more stable microstructure which makes better comprehensive electrochemical properties. However, the lithiation mechanism remains in dispute, and problems such as poor cyclability, unsatisfactory electrical conductivity, and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) need to be addressed. Additionally, more attention needs to be paid on the internal relationship between electrochemical performances and structures. In this review, the different preparation processes, the derived microstructure of the SiO_x, the corresponding lithiation mechanism, and electrochemical properties are summarized. Researches about disproportionation reaction which is regarded as a key point and other modifications are systematically introduced. Closely linked with structure, the advantages and disadvantages of various SiO_x anode materials are summarized and analyzed, and the possible directions toward the practical applications of SiO_x anode material are presented. In a word, from the preparation and reaction mechanism of the material to the modifications and future development, a complete and systematical review on SiO_x anode is presented.

中文翻译：

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SiOx阳极：从基本机理到工业应用

一氧化硅（SiO）已被探索并确认为一种有前途的锂离子电池负极材料。与纯硅相比，SiO具有更稳定的微观结构，具有更好的综合电化学性能。然而，锂化机制仍存在争议，需要解决诸如循环性差、导电性不理想和初始库仑效率（ICE）低等问题。此外，需要更多地关注电化学性能与结构之间的内在关系。在这篇综述中，不同的制备工艺，SiO _x的衍生微观结构，总结了相应的锂化机制和电化学性能。系统介绍了以歧化反应为重点的研究和其他改进。与结构密切相关，总结和分析了各种SiO _x负极材料的优缺点，并提出了SiO _x负极材料实际应用的可能方向。总之，从材料的制备和反应机理到改性和未来的发展，对SiO _x负极进行了完整而系统的综述。