Microstructures and mechanical properties of tensile-strained 316L stainless steel are investigated using x-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and mechanical tests to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the evolved anisotropic mechanical properties. The straining facilitates the formation of dislocations, twins and martensite, and the yield strength increases with the strain while the elongation and the impact toughness exhibit the opposite trend. Under the same strain, the yield strength tested at angles of 0°, 45° and 90° and the impact toughness tested at angles of 0° and 90° to the straining direction are successively decreased, and this anisotropy will enhance with the strain extent. The yield strength is increased due to the higher dislocation and second-phase (martensite) hardening. The microstructure, the yield strength and the impact toughness are correlated, proving the linkage between the orientation dependence of the mechanical properties.

使用 X 射线衍射、电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜和机械测试来研究拉伸应变 316L 不锈钢的微观结构和机械性能，以阐明各向异性机械性能演变的潜在机制。应变促进位错、孪晶和马氏体的形成，屈服强度随着应变的增加而增加，而延伸率和冲击韧性则呈现相反的趋势。在相同应变下，0°、45°和90°角测试的屈服强度和与应变方向成0°和90°角测试的冲击韧性依次降低，并且这种各向异性随着应变程度的增加而增强. 由于更高的位错和第二相（马氏体）硬化，屈服强度增加。