This paper examines the development of the impact of family background on young people’s political engagement during adolescence and early adulthood in order to test a number of hypotheses derived from the impressionable years and family socialization perspectives. The study analyses data of the British Household Panel Study and Understanding Society to assess these hypotheses. Political interest and voting intentions are used as outcomes of political engagement. The study finds parental education to have no effect on initial levels of these outcomes at age 11 but to be positively related to the change in these outcomes between ages 11 and 15. This indicates that the effect of parental education becomes stronger over time and that social disparities in political engagement are widening significantly during early adolescence. In contrast, parental political engagement is positively related to initial levels of voting intentions at age 11 but not related to the change in voting intentions between ages 11 and 15, which supports the hypothesis drawn from the family socialization perspective. Neither parental education nor parental political engagement are related to post-16 changes in political engagement. These results point to early adolescence as a crucial period for the manifestation of social inequalities in political engagement. They provisionally suggest that the influence of parental education runs through educational conditions in lower secondary and that these conditions could play an important role in amplifying the said inequalities.

中文翻译：

---

家庭背景对青春期和成年早期政治参与的变化影响

本文研究了家庭背景对青少年在青春期和成年早期政治参与的影响的发展，以检验从易受影响的年龄和家庭社会化角度得出的一些假设。该研究分析了英国家庭小组研究和理解协会的数据，以评估这些假设。政治利益和投票意图被用作政治参与的结果。研究发现，父母教育对 11 岁时这些结果的初始水平没有影响，但与 11 至 15 岁这些结果的变化呈正相关。这表明父母教育的影响随着时间的推移而变得更强，社会在青春期早期，政治参与方面的差距正在显着扩大。相比之下，父母的政治参与与 11 岁时的初始投票意愿水平正相关，但与 11 至 15 岁之间投票意愿的变化无关，这支持了从家庭社会化角度得出的假设。父母教育和父母政治参与都与 16 岁后政治参与的变化无关。这些结果表明，青春期早期是政治参与中社会不平等表现的关键时期。他们暂时提出，父母教育的影响贯穿于初中的教育条件，这些条件可能在放大上述不平等方面发挥重要作用。