Exploring efficient methods for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) detection is of great significance for protecting ecological environment safety and human health. Herein, an MC-LR aptasensor was fabricated based on the synergistic amplified cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the functional nanocomposite of ZnO quantum dots decorated B, N co-doped graphene (BNG/ZnO). With K₂S₂O₈ as co-reactant, a robust cathodic ECL emission of BNG/ZnO was observed based on the synergistic catalytic effect of B, N in graphene. Interestingly, the ECL intensity of BNG/ZnO nanocomposite was 1.8, 2.9, and 5.4 times enhanced than N-doped graphene/ZnO, B-doped graphene/ZnO, and graphene/ZnO, which was because of the difference in the electronegativity of B, C, and N could generate a unique synergistic effect to make graphene-based materials realizing signal amplification. Subsequently, a novel cathodic ECL aptasensor was constructed for sensitive and selective detection of MC-LR with aptamer as the recognition element and BNG/ZnO as the luminous reagent. Under optimized conditions, the linear range of the prepared cathodic ECL aptasensor for MC-LR detection was 0.1–5000 pM, the detection limit was 0.03 pM (S/N = 3). At the same time, the proposed aptasensor had good selectivity and stability and showed satisfactory results in actual water sample analysis.

探索微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）检测的有效方法对于保护生态环境安全和人类健康具有重要意义。在此，基于 ZnO 量子点装饰的 B、N 共掺杂石墨烯 (BNG/ZnO) 的功能纳米复合材料的协同放大阴极电化学发光 (ECL)，制造了 MC-LR 适体传感器。含 K ₂ S ₂ O ₈作为共反应物，基于石墨烯中 B、N 的协同催化作用，观察到 BNG/ZnO 的强劲阴极 ECL 发射。有趣的是，BNG/ZnO 纳米复合材料的 ECL 强度是 N 掺杂石墨烯/ZnO、B 掺杂石墨烯/ZnO 和石墨烯/ZnO 的 1.8、2.9 和 5.4 倍，这是因为 B 的电负性不同、C和N可以产生独特的协同效应，使石墨烯基材料实现信号放大。随后，构建了一种新型阴极ECL适体传感器，以适体为识别元件，BNG/ZnO为发光试剂，灵敏选择性地检测MC-LR。在优化条件下，制备的用于MC-LR检测的阴极ECL适体传感器的线性范围为0.1-5000 pM，检测限为0.03 pM（S/N = 3）。同时，