Glypican-1 (GPC1) is one of the six glypican family members in humans. It is composed of a core protein with three heparan sulfate chains, and attached to the cell membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. GPC1 modulates various signaling pathways including FGF, VEGF-A, TGF-β, Wnt, Hh, and BMP through specific interactions with pathway ligands and receptors. The impact of these interactions on signaling pathways, activating or inhibitory, is dependent upon specific GPC1 domain interaction with pathway components as well as cell surface context. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure of GPC1, as well as its role in regulating multiple signaling pathways. We focus on the functions of GPC1 in cancer cells and how new insights into these signaling processes can inform its translational potential as a therapeutic target in cancer.

中文翻译：

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Glypican-1 在调节多种细胞信号通路中的作用

Glypican-1 (GPC1) 是人类的六个 Glypican 家族成员之一。它由具有三个硫酸乙酰肝素链的核心蛋白组成，并通过糖基-磷脂酰肌醇锚附着在细胞膜上。GPC1 通过与通路配体和受体的特异性相互作用调节各种信号通路，包括 FGF、VEGF-A、TGF-β、Wnt、Hh 和 BMP。这些相互作用对信号通路（激活或抑制）的影响取决于特定 GPC1 域与通路组分的相互作用以及细胞表面环境。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对 GPC1 结构的理解，以及它在调节多个信号通路中的作用。