Fuel cells today have a variety of applications, such as fueling vehicles, which lead to a reduction in conventional fuel consumption and environmental pollution. On the other hand, in the present era, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is known as one of the most important unmanned systems for delivering postal packages, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, and military target. However, the performance of fuel cells is affected by their operating pressure and temperature. In addition, due to some political and technical considerations, the performance of these systems (especially UAV based on fuel cells) is very rare in the literature. The present work provides a conceptual design of UAV propulsion system based on a fuel cell system and a battery. The performance of two different fuel cells, namely the alkaline fuel cell (AFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), is examined separately and compared. Mission and constraint analyses of the system, as well as weight distribution of UAV, are provided. Furthermore, the performance of the UAV propulsion system in different flight modes and the performance of fuel cells under atmospheric conditions are discussed. It should be noted that reference UAV data are used for input parameters. It was found that the total power required by the UAV to carry out the mission is equal to 1253.7 W, which the share of takeoff, climb, cruise, and maximum speed flight modes were 321.3, 608.5, 118.3, and 205.6 W, respectively. Furthermore, the UAV under study, in this paper, has flight endurance of about 7.4 hours. Also, the required area of the PEMFC and AFC to supply the UAV power under the study conditions is about 0.03 and 0.6 m², respectively. Finally, it observed that with increasing altitude (in the absence of a heating system) the performance of both fuel cells is greatly reduced.

中文翻译：

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通过研究工作高度的影响评估两种用于无人机的质子交换膜和碱性燃料电池的性能

当今的燃料电池具有多种应用，例如为车辆加油，从而减少了传统的燃料消耗和环境污染。另一方面，在当今时代，无人机（UAV）被称为最重要的无人系统之一，用于投递邮政包裹、环境监测、救灾和军事目标。然而，燃料电池的性能受其工作压力和温度的影响。此外，由于一些政治和技术方面的考虑，这些系统（尤其是基于燃料电池的无人机）的性能在文献中非常少见。目前的工作提供了基于燃料电池系统和电池的无人机推进系统的概念设计。两种不同燃料电池的性能，即碱性燃料电池（AFC）和质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC），分别进行检查和比较。提供了系统的任务和约束分析，以及无人机的重量分布。此外，还讨论了无人机推进系统在不同飞行模式下的性能和燃料电池在大气条件下的性能。需要注意的是，参考无人机数据用于输入参数。研究发现，无人机执行任务所需的总功率为 1253.7 W，其中起飞、爬升、巡航和最高速度飞行模式的份额分别为 321.3、608.5、118.3 和 205.6 W。此外，本文研究的无人机的飞行续航时间约为 7.4 小时。还，²，分别。最后，它观察到随着海拔的升高（在没有加热系统的情况下），两种燃料电池的性能都会大大降低。