Sleep is a universal, highly preserved process, essential for human and animal life, whose complete functions are yet to be unravelled. Familial recurrence is acknowledged for some sleep disorders, but definite data are lacking for many of them. Genetic studies on sleep disorders have progressed from twin and family studies to candidate gene approaches to culminate in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Several works disclosed that sleep-wake characteristics, in addition to electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep patterns, have a certain degree of heritability. Notwithstanding, it is rare for sleep disorders to be attributed to single gene defects because of the complexity of the brain network/pathways involved. Besides, the advancing insights in epigenetic gene-environment interactions add further complexity to understanding the genetic control of sleep and its disorders. This narrative review explores the current genetic knowledge in sleep disorders in children, following the International Classification of Sleep Disorders—Third Edition (ICSD-3) categorisation.

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儿童睡眠障碍的遗传学：叙事评论

睡眠是一个普遍的、高度保存的过程，对人类和动物的生命至关重要，其完整的功能尚未解开。某些睡眠障碍的家族性复发是公认的，但其中许多缺乏明确的数据。关于睡眠障碍的遗传研究已经从双胞胎和家庭研究发展到候选基因方法，最终达到全基因组关联研究 (GWAS)。一些研究表明，除了脑电图 (EEG) 睡眠模式之外，睡眠-觉醒特征还具有一定程度的遗传性。尽管如此，由于所涉及的大脑网络/通路的复杂性，睡眠障碍很少归因于单个基因缺陷。除了，对表观遗传基因-环境相互作用的深入了解进一步增加了理解睡眠及其障碍的遗传控制的复杂性。这篇叙述性综述根据国际睡眠障碍分类第三版 (ICSD-3) 的分类，探讨了儿童睡眠障碍的当前遗传知识。