The beauty of nature is inexhaustible to human beings, and the process of human understanding and learning nature promotes the progress of science and technology. Inspired by the natural hierarchical spider-web structure, a biomimetic composite air filter with high filtration performance and good wet stability is prepared for the first time. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) generated from regenerable jute plants are implanted into the pores of commercialized biodegradable porous corrugated papers and self-assembled into robust nano-networks as filter building blocks to prepare a biodegradable composite air filter. When the base weight of CNF goes up to only 0.2500 g/m², the CNF nano-networks completely fill the pores of corrugated paper, which greatly reduces the consumption of raw materials. More importantly, the filtration efficiency for PM0.3 removal of resultant corrugated paper is increased from 6% to 94.5%, while maintaining a relatively low pressure drop of 296.3 Pa. After a silane modification of CNF, the filtration efficiency of 75% can be achieved at high humidity. Overall, the successful synthesis of biomimetic composite air filters provides inspiration for the design of separation materials, satisfying the growing demand for renewability, sustainability, and biodegradability.

大自然的美是人类取之不尽的，人类认识和学习大自然的过程推动着科学技术的进步。受天然分层蜘蛛网结构的启发，首次制备出过滤性能高、湿稳定性好的仿生复合空气过滤器。由可再生黄麻植物产生的纤维素纳米纤维 (CNF) 被植入商业化的可生物降解多孔瓦楞纸的孔隙中，并自组装成坚固的纳米网络作为过滤器构建块，以制备可生物降解的复合空气过滤器。当 CNF 的基重上升到仅 0.2500 g/m ^{2 时}，CNF纳米网络完全填满了瓦楞纸的孔隙，大大降低了原材料的消耗。更重要的是，所得瓦楞纸去除PM0.3的过滤效率从6%提高到94.5%，同时保持相对较低的296.3Pa压降。CNF经硅烷改性后，过滤效率可达75%在高湿度下实现。总体而言，仿生复合空气过滤器的成功合成为分离材料的设计提供了灵感，满足了对可再生性、可持续性和生物降解性日益增长的需求。