Manure fertilization contributes to crop production and sustainable agriculture by introducing large amounts of nutrients and exogenous microbes into soil. However, the contribution of exogenous microbes in shaping soil bacterial community and network structure after fertilization are still controversial. In this study, bacterial communities and network structure that received unsterilized (R + C) or sterilized (R + SC) manure fertilizers, as well as no fertilizer control (R), were characterized using high throughput sequencing. Results showed that the relative abundance of fertilizer-derived OTUs decreased from 10.4% to 4.6% after 90 days incubation, while the Bray-Curtis distance between the control and fertilization group (R + C and R + SC) gradually increased with the culture time. It can be supposed that manure fertilization altered soil bacterial communities by interfering the growth of indigenous bacteria rather than the colonization of fertilizer-derived bacteria. Network analysis showed that a subset of the fertilizer-derived OTUs identified as Xanthomonadales order and Promicromonospora, Constrictibacter genera acted as connectors between modules. They enhanced the interactions not only between soil-derived OTUs and fertilizer-derived OTUs, but also within indigenous bacteria, supported that the introduction of fertilizer-derived exogenous bacteria contributes large to soil bacterial network association. Moreover, fertilizer-derived OTUs presented to be positively correlated with soil pH, while majority soil-derived OTUs presented to be negatively correlated with various physicochemical variables (pH, DOC, NO₃⁻, and LAP). Our study highlighted the critical role of fertilizer-derived bacteria in regulating indigenous soil microbial community and network formation after fertilization.

粪便施肥通过将大量养分和外源微生物引入土壤，有助于作物生产和可持续农业。然而，外源微生物对施肥后土壤细菌群落和网络结构形成的贡献仍存在争议。在这项研究中，使用高通量测序对接受未消毒 (R + C) 或已消毒 (R + SC) 肥料以及无肥料控制 (R) 的细菌群落和网络结构进行了表征。结果表明，培养90天后肥料来源的OTUs的相对丰度从10.4%下降到4.6%，而对照组和施肥组（R+C和R+SC）之间的Bray-Curtis距离随着培养时间的增加而逐渐增加. 可以假设肥料施肥通过干扰本地细菌的生长而不是肥料衍生细菌的定植来改变土壤细菌群落。网络分析表明，肥料衍生的 OTU 的一个子集被确定为黄单胞菌目和原小单孢菌属、Constrictibacter属充当模块之间的连接器。他们不仅增强了土壤衍生的 OTU 和肥料衍生的 OTU 之间的相互作用，而且增强了本地细菌内部的相互作用，支持肥料衍生的外源细菌的引入对土壤细菌网络关联有很大贡献。此外，肥料来源的 OTU 与土壤 pH 值呈正相关，而大多数土壤来源的 OTU 与各种物理化学变量（pH、DOC、NO ₃ ^-和 LAP）呈负相关。我们的研究强调了肥料衍生细菌在调节本地土壤微生物群落和施肥后网络形成方面的关键作用。