Utilizing eggshells to synthesize a value added product like nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) has received a lot of attention from researchers since they are composed of CaCO₃ with biologically essential trace elements such as Mg, Si, etc. Different biomedical applications need HA with appropriate nanoscale characteristics like crystallinity, particle size, morphology, surface area, mesoporous nature, etc. The same can be achieved by tuning the reaction parameters, choosing a suitable mode of preparation and utilizing organic modifiers. Here, we report the rapid synthesis of eggshell derived HA in the presence different organic modifiers using a custom built microwave reactor employing the previously optimized parameters. The synthesis process is relatively rapid and gets completed in 5 min. The absence of an organic modifier yielded inhomogeneous size nanorods in the range of 40–600 nm. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) assisted synthesis resulted in a flower like 1.67 ± 0.12 μm sized HA. Whereas polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) assisted synthesis produced aggregated nanorods of length 31 ± 8 and 68 ± 20 nm, respectively. While the synthesis with trisodium citrate dihydrate (TSC) resulted in needles of HA with typical length of 32 ± 8 nm. Presence of Na, Mg and Si trace elements are confirmed from the composition analysis. All the samples are found to be mesoporous in nature. The in vitro cell culture experiment carried out using fibroblast NIH 3T3 cell line clearly revealed equal or higher cell viability for the samples synthesized in presence of organic modifiers as compared to sample produced without organic modifier. Thus, from the present study we find that the synthesis of eggshell derived HA using different organic modifiers via a custom built microwave reactor can be a potential approach for the rapid preparation of precursor materials with suitable nanoscale characteristics for developing bone fillers, drug/protein delivery carriers, tissue engineering scaffolds, etc.

利用蛋壳合成纳米晶羟基磷灰石（HA）等高附加值产品，由于其由CaCO ₃和Mg、Si等生物必需微量元素组成，因此受到了研究人员的广泛关注。不同的生物医学应用需要具有适当纳米级特征的 HA，如结晶度、粒径、形态、表面积、介孔性质等. 通过调整反应参数、选择合适的制备模式和利用有机改性剂，也可以达到同样的目的。在这里，我们报告了在不同有机改性剂存在的情况下，使用采用先前优化参数的定制微波反应器快速合成蛋壳衍生的 HA。合成过程相对较快，5分钟即可完成。没有有机改性剂会产生 40-600 nm 范围内不均匀尺寸的纳米棒。乙二胺四乙酸 (EDTA) 辅助合成导致花像 1.67 ± 0.12 μm 大小的 HA。而聚乙二醇 6000 (PEG) 和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB) 辅助合成分别产生长度为 31 ± 8 和 68 ± 20 nm 的聚合纳米棒。虽然用二水合柠檬酸三钠 (TSC) 合成产生了典型长度为 32 ± 8 nm 的 HA 针。从成分分析中确认了 Na、Mg 和 Si 微量元素的存在。发现所有样品在性质上都是中孔的。这使用成纤维细胞 NIH 3T3 细胞系进行的体外细胞培养实验清楚地表明，与不使用有机改性剂生产的样品相比，在有机改性剂存在下合成的样品具有相同或更高的细胞活力。因此，从目前的研究中，我们发现通过定制的微波反应器使用不同的有机改性剂合成蛋壳衍生的 HA可以成为快速制备具有合适纳米级特征的前体材料的潜在方法，用于开发骨填充剂、药物/蛋白质递送载体、组织工程支架等。