1. The ocean's remoteness, ecological complexities, lengthy ecosystem processes, and vulnerability to multiple and cumulative anthropogenic threats make marine conservation communication particularly difficult. Both scientists and journalists face unique challenges in explaining the science of these often out-of-sight ecosystems. Given the inadequacies of marine news, improvement appeared necessary. However, the experiences and views of journalists and scientists have hardly been examined within marine news contexts. Thus, this study sought the perspectives of these two professional groups to provide a discussion on ways to improve news coverage of complex ocean issues through enhanced journalist–scientist working relations.
2. Both journalists and scientists rated the quantity, breadth and quality of marine news as average and were receptive to alternative ways for reporting ecosystem complexities. Although some frustrations remain, both valued impactful news stories resulting from their working relations and preferred direct contact with each other over indirect methods such as press releases and science news platforms. Both groups generally agreed on what to include in marine news, but scientists favoured a collaborative approach to news content decision-making more strongly than journalists.
3. Journalists' and scientists' commonly shared views and goals concerning marine news identified in this study could serve as a common ground for uniting the two professions. Institutional policies that permit one-on-one journalist–scientist interactions could lead to mutual understandings about the contexts of their relationship challenges. More trustful and mutually beneficial relationships, in turn, could be a basis for a more collaborative news generation process. Compiling and making marine visuals readily accessible to journalists; training programmes that enhance journalists' and scientists' understanding of the influence of media message framing on conservation actions; media appreciation of marine ecosystem complexities' newsworthiness; and the notion of media's social responsibility in reporting marine conservation issues could contribute to more impactful coverage.

中文翻译：

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海洋生态系统科学与媒体：探索通过记者-科学家工作关系改善新闻报道的方法

1. 海洋地处偏远、生态复杂、生态系统过程漫长以及易受多重和累积人为威胁的影响，使得海洋保护交流特别困难。科学家和记者在解释这些通常看不见的生态系统的科学方面都面临着独特的挑战。鉴于海洋新闻的不足，改进似乎是必要的。然而，记者和科学家的经验和观点几乎没有在海洋新闻背景下得到检验。因此，本研究寻求这两个专业团体的观点，就如何通过加强记者与科学家的工作关系来改善复杂海洋问题的新闻报道进行讨论。
2. 记者和科学家都将海洋新闻的数量、广度和质量评为平均水平，并愿意采用其他方式来报道生态系统的复杂性。尽管仍然存在一些挫败感，但双方都重视因工作关系而产生的有影响力的新闻报道，并且更喜欢彼此直接接触而不是新闻稿和科学新闻平台等间接方式。两个团体普遍同意在海洋新闻中包含哪些内容，但与记者相比，科学家们更倾向于采用协作方式来进行新闻内容决策。
3. 记者和科学家在这项研究中确定的关于海洋新闻的共同观点和目标可以作为联合这两个行业的共同基础。允许记者与科学家一对一互动的制度政策可能会导致相互理解他们之间关系挑战的背景。反过来，更信任和互利的关系可以成为更具协作性的新闻生成过程的基础。编辑和制作海洋影像，让记者可以轻松获取；提高记者和科学家对媒体信息框架对保护行动影响的理解的培训计划；媒体对海洋生态系统复杂性的新闻价值的评价；和媒体的概念”