The Olkaria geothermal system located on the Red Sea - Gulf of Aden - East African Rift high-temperature geothermal belt is a typical rift-volcanic geothermal system. The formation of this system is closely related with lithospheric extension, magmatic intrusion, and hydrothermal activities within the rift. In order to achieve a better understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms within the system, this study analyzes and categorizes the temperature logs from different areas in Olkaria. The impact of the heat sources and heat transfer processes, the permeable structures and flow patterns, as well as the upflow and recharge zones are identified and discussed based on temperature logs. The heat flow state of the Olkaria system is similar to the neighboring Menengai volcano, which could be a compound result of mantle thermal anomaly, magmatic activity, and hydrothermal circulation. The impacts of heat sources are more pronounced in the Olkaria Domes and Olkaria West; while in the Olkaria East and Northeast the hydrothermal redistribution of heat plays a dominant role. The recharge flows are identified along the Suswa fault, the Gorge Farm fault, the Olkaria Fracture, and possibly the southeast periphery of the Domes. Major upflows are found near the center of each producing area. The nature of feed zones within the boreholes and the flow patterns within the geothermal system are discussed. Based on the analysis and comprehensive studies, the characteristics and formation mechanism of the geothermal system are summarized, and an updated conceptual model is proposed. This study can be used as an analog for the exploration and development of high temperature geothermal system in equivalent settings.

位于红海-亚丁湾-东非裂谷高温地热带的奥尔卡里亚地热系统是典型的裂谷-火山地热系统。该系统的形成与裂谷内岩石圈伸展、岩浆侵入和热液活动密切相关。为了更好地理解系统内部的特征和机制，本研究对奥尔卡里亚不同地区的温度测井进行了分析和分类。基于温度测井识别和讨论了热源和传热过程、渗透结构和流动模式以及上流和补给区的影响。奥尔卡里亚系统的热流状态与邻近的梅嫩盖火山相似，这可能是地幔热异常的复合结果，岩浆活动和热液循环。热源的影响在 Olkaria Domes 和 Olkaria West 更为明显；而在奥尔卡利亚东部和东北部，热液的热量再分配起主导作用。补给流沿苏斯瓦断层、峡谷农场断层、奥尔卡里亚断层以及可能是圆顶的东南边缘被确定。在每个产区的中心附近发现了主要的上升流。讨论了钻孔内进料区的性质和地热系统内的流动模式。在分析和综合研究的基础上，总结了地热系统的特征和形成机制，提出了更新的概念模型。