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Sustainable high grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and water productivity can be achieved in wheat-maize rotation system by changing irrigation and fertilization strategy
Agricultural Water Management ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107177
Junsheng Lu 1, 2 , Youzhen Xiang 1, 2 , Junliang Fan 1, 2 , Fucang Zhang 1, 2 , Tiantian Hu 1, 2
Affiliation  

The winter wheat-summer maize rotation system is one of the most successful intensification agricultural systems in China, but low and unstable grain yield (GY) and high soil nitrate-N leaching caused by erratic precipitation and inefficient management of irrigation and fertilization have attracted wide attention. A two-year (2018–2020) field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of four water and nitrogen management strategies (a conventional irrigation and fertilization (CK) and three drip fertigation treatments (rain-fed: RF, deficit irrigation: DI and full irrigation: FI)) on soil water, soil nitrate-N residual, GY, water productivity (WP), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and net income in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system. The results indicated that water and nitrogen management strategies had significant effects on soil water content in the 0–320 cm soil profile. More than 90 mm soil water in the 0–320 cm soil layer was consumed by winter wheat, and the soil water consumption followed the order of RF > DI > CK > FI. The soil water consumption can be replenished by irrigation and precipitation during the summer maize season, but the soil water in 180–260 cm under RF was significantly lower than that in the other treatments, which could not be fully replenished. There was no significant difference in the nitrate-N residual in the 0–180 cm soil layer among the treatments at harvest, but the nitrate-N residual rate of CK (less than 40% and 30% at winter wheat and summer maize harvest) was significantly lower than that of drip fertigation (more than 50% and 40% at winter wheat and summer maize harvest) in the 0–60 cm soil profile, but significantly higher than that in the 60–180 cm soil profile. These results indicate that drip fertigation had a lower risk of nitrate leaching compared with CK treatment. GY and NUE of DI and FI treatments were significantly higher than those of CK and RF treatments, but DI used 25% less irrigation water than FI, resulting in higher WP. The WP of DI was increased by 6.8–7.4% and 4.2–16.0% for winter wheat and summer maize compared with FI, respectively. From the perspective of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, the two-year average net income of DI was increased by 2.8%, 37.9% and 59.9% compared with FI, RF and CK, respectively. Therefore, deficit irrigation with nitrogen fertigation was recommended as a sustainable fertigation strategy for achieving higher grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, water productivity and net income and reducing the risk of soil nitrate-N leaching in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system.



中文翻译:

通过改变灌溉施肥策略,可以在小麦-玉米轮作系统中实现可持续的高产、氮素利用效率和水分生产力

冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制度是我国最成功的集约化农业制度之一,但由于降水不稳定、灌溉施肥管理不善导致粮食产量低且不稳定、土壤硝态氮淋失率高等问题受到广泛关注。注意力。进行了为期两年(2018-2020 年)的田间试验,以评估四种水和氮管理策略(常规灌溉和施肥 (CK) 和三种滴灌施肥处理(雨养:RF,亏缺灌溉:DI)的效果)和全灌溉:FI))对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统中土壤水分、土壤硝态氮残留、GY、水分生产力(WP)、氮利用效率(NUE)和净收入的影响。结果表明,水氮管理策略对 0-320 cm 土壤剖面的土壤含水量有显着影响。0~320 cm土层90 mm以上的土壤水分被冬小麦消耗,土壤水分消耗的顺序为RF > DI > CK > FI。夏玉米季节灌溉和降水可以补充土壤水分消耗,但RF处理180-260 cm土壤水分显着低于其他处理,不能完全补充。收获时各处理0~180 cm土层硝态氮残留量无显着差异,但CK的硝态氮残留率(冬小麦和夏玉米收获时分别低于40%和30%)显着低于滴灌施肥(冬小麦和夏玉米收获时分别超过50%和40%) 0-60 cm 土壤剖面,但显着高于 60-180 cm 土壤剖面。这些结果表明,与 CK 处理相比,滴灌施肥具有较低的硝酸盐浸出风险。DI 和 FI 处理的 GY 和 NUE 显着高于 CK 和 RF 处理,但 DI 使用的灌溉水比 FI 少 25%,导致 WP 更高。与FI相比,冬小麦和夏玉米的DI的WP分别增加了6.8-7.4%和4.2-16.0%。从冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制度来看,DI的两年平均纯收入分别增长2.8%、37.9%和59%。与 FI、RF 和 CK 相比分别为 9%。因此,建议将氮肥亏缺灌溉作为一种可持续的施肥策略,以实现更高的粮食产量、氮素利用效率、水分生产率和净收入,并降低冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统中土壤硝酸盐-N 淋失的风险。

更新日期:2021-09-23
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