Introduction

This study described and compared trends in the distribution of gender and race/ethnicity for doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students and faculty in schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States.

Methods

Institution-level gender (male and female) and racial/ethnic (White, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino) data for full-time faculty were obtained from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy institutional database for 2009–2019. PharmD students' demographic data during the same study period were collected separately for applications, enrollments, and degrees conferred. Generalized linear regression models were applied to examine trends in proportion of PharmD students and faculty distribution in subgroups of different gender and race/ethnicity at P < .05. All analyses were conducted using SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute).

Results

Significantly increasing trends in female full-time faculty, PharmD applications, and enrollments were observed; however, the trend in female PharmD degrees conferred remained stable from 2009 to 2019. While the trends in proportion of PharmD applications, enrollments, and degrees conferred for Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino students increased significantly, declines and stable trends in the proportion of Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino faculty, respectively, were identified during the same time.

Conclusions

Upward trends in proportions of Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino PharmD applications, enrollments, and degrees conferred were not mirrored by trends in proportions of underrepresented faculty. Implementation of effective faculty diversity and inclusion strategies is warranted to better meet the educational needs of PharmD students.

中文翻译：

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美国药学院药学博士生和教职员工的性别和种族/民族趋势

介绍

本研究描述并比较了美国药学院和药学院的药学博士 (PharmD) 学生和教职员工的性别和种族/民族分布趋势。

方法

全职教师的机构级性别（男性和女性）和种族/族裔（白人、黑人/非裔美国人、西班牙裔/拉丁裔）数据来自美国药学院协会 2009-2019 年机构数据库。药学博士学生在同一学习期间的人口统计数据分别用于申请、注册和授予学位。应用广义线性回归模型来检查不同性别和种族/民族亚组中 PharmD 学生和教师分布的比例趋势，P  < .05。所有分析均使用 SAS 9.4 版（SAS Institute）进行。

结果

观察到女性全职教师、药学博士申请和入学人数显着增加的趋势；然而，2009 年至 2019 年，授予女性 PharmD 学位的趋势保持稳定。 虽然黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔学生的 PharmD 申请、入学和授予学位的比例趋势显着增加，但该比例的下降和稳定趋势黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔教师的人数分别在同一时间被确定。

结论

黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔 PharmD 申请、入学率和授予学位的比例上升趋势并未反映在代表性不足的教师比例的趋势中。有效的教师多元化和包容性策略的实施有必要更好地满足药学博士学生的教育需求。