Endomembrane trafficking is essential for all eukaryotic cells. The best-characterized membrane trafficking organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, early and recycling endosomes, multivesicular body, or late endosome, lysosome/vacuole, and plasma membrane. Although historically plants have given rise to cell biology, our understanding of membrane trafficking has mainly been shaped by the much more studied mammalian and yeast models. Whereas organelles and major protein families that regulate endomembrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, exciting variations are emerging from advances in plant cell biology research. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on plant endomembrane trafficking, with a focus on four distinct trafficking pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, endocytosis, trans-Golgi network-to-vacuole transport, and autophagy. We acknowledge the conservation and commonalities in the trafficking machinery across species, with emphasis on diversity and plant-specific features. Understanding the function of organelles and the trafficking machinery currently nonexistent in well-known model organisms will provide great opportunities to acquire new insights into the fundamental cellular process of membrane trafficking.

中文翻译：

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植物内膜运输的分子机制

内膜运输对所有真核细胞都是必不可少的。最典型的膜运输细胞器包括内质网 (ER)、高尔基体、早期和循环内体、多泡体或晚期内体、溶酶体/液泡和质膜。尽管从历史上看植物已经产生了细胞生物学，但我们对膜运输的理解主要是由更多研究的哺乳动物和酵母模型形成的。尽管调节内膜运输的细胞器和主要蛋白质家族在所有真核生物中基本上是保守的，但植物细胞生物学研究的进展正在出现令人兴奋的变化。在这篇综述中，我们总结了植物内膜转运的当前知识状态，重点关注四种不同的转运途径：内质网到高尔基体的转运、内吞作用、跨高尔基体网络到液泡的运输和自噬。我们承认跨物种贩运机制的保护和共性，重点是多样性和植物特有的特征。了解细胞器的功能和目前在众所周知的模式生物中不存在的贩运机制将为获得对膜贩运的基本细胞过程的新见解提供很好的机会。