Female promiscuity is a pervasive selective force on male reproductive traits, and the strength of sexual selection is predicted to influence the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. In species where sexual selection is intense, males are predicted to invest in sexual strategies that shorten their lifespan, potentially resulting in female-biased sexual dimorphism in longevity. However, comparative analyses have provided contrasting results, potentially due to the use of broad mating system categories or sexual size dimorphism as a proxy for sexual selection. Here, we used female remating rate (i.e. female promiscuity) as a more direct measure of sexual selection strength and conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis of the relationship between female remating rate and sexual dimorphism in lifespan in 29 species of Drosophila. We did not find strong evidence that female remating rate was correlated with sexual dimorphism in lifespan. However, we found that male and female lifespans are positively correlated among species and that phylogeny and residual variance (i.e. variation in non-phylogenetic factors) are important in determining female remating rate, male and female lifespans separately, and the correlation between male and female lifespan. We suggest that variation in the nature of sexual competition and variation between studies could account for some of the unexplained variation among species in the relation between female remating rate and sexual dimorphism in lifespan.

中文翻译：

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女性对交配的抵抗是否会选择男性的“活得快死”策略？果蝇属的比较分析。

女性滥交是对男性生殖特征的普遍选择力量，预计性选择的强度会影响寿命和生殖之间的权衡。在性选择强烈的物种中，预计雄性会投资于缩短其寿命的性策略，这可能会导致在寿命上偏向于雌性的性别二态性。然而，比较分析提供了对比结果，这可能是由于使用广泛的交配系统类别或性别大小二态性作为性选择的代表。在这里，我们使用雌性交配率（即雌性滥交）作为性选择强度的更直接衡量标准，并对 29 种果蝇的雌性交配率与寿命性别二态性之间的关系进行了系统发育比较分析。我们没有发现强有力的证据表明女性重新交配率与寿命中的性别二态性相关。然而，我们发现雄性和雌性的寿命在物种之间呈正相关，系统发育和残差（即非系统发育因素的变异）对于确定雌性再交配率、雄性和雌性寿命以及雄性和雌性之间的相关性很重要寿命。我们认为，性竞争性质的差异和研究之间的差异可能解释了物种间在雌性再交配率与寿命中的性二态性之间的关系中存在的一些无法解释的差异。我们发现雄性和雌性寿命在物种之间呈正相关，系统发育和残差（即非系统发育因素的变异）对于确定雌性再交配率、雄性和雌性寿命以及雄性和雌性寿命之间的相关性很重要。我们认为，性竞争性质的差异和研究之间的差异可能解释了物种间在雌性再交配率与寿命中的性二态性之间的关系中存在的一些无法解释的差异。我们发现雄性和雌性寿命在物种之间呈正相关，系统发育和残差（即非系统发育因素的变异）对于确定雌性再交配率、雄性和雌性寿命以及雄性和雌性寿命之间的相关性很重要。我们认为，性竞争性质的差异和研究之间的差异可能解释了物种间在雌性再交配率与寿命中的性二态性之间的关系中存在的一些无法解释的差异。