Retinal Astrocytes and Microglia Activation in Diabetic Retinopathy Rhesus Monkey Models,Current Eye Research

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Retinal Astrocytes and Microglia Activation in Diabetic Retinopathy Rhesus Monkey Models
Current Eye Research ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-04 , DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1984535
Yu Xia _{1,

2} , Qihui Luo _{1,

2} , Jingfei Chen _{1,

3} , Chao Huang _{1,

2} , Asad Jahangir _{1,

2} , Ting Pan _{1,

2} , Xiaoli Wei _{1,

2} , Wentao Liu _{1,

2} , Zhengli Chen _{1,

2}

Affiliation

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To assess the retinal neurodegeneration in type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rhesus monkeys, and to investigate whether alterations of glial cells occur in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Materials and methods

T1DM rhesus monkeys were established by daily intravenous injections of streptozotocin (STZ, 25 mg/kg body weight) in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) for 5 days, while T2DM rhesus monkeys were induced by feeding with high-fat diet. The period of DR in rhesus monkeys was evaluated by fundoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Afterward, the morphological changes of inner neurons and glial cells in the retina were detected by immunofluorescence (IF).

Results

When compared with the control groups, no difference was observed in both T1DM and T2DM by fundus photographs, while slight exudation and effusion in the blood vessels of retina of rhesus monkeys were found by OCT in DM rhesus monkeys. In addition, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (Iba1) were significantly increased in both T1DM (P < .01) and T2DM (P < .05) rhesus monkeys. Moreover, the positive expression of PKC-α, parvalbumin, and NeuN were significantly decreased, while the positive expression of calbindin showed no difference in T1DM group. However, only the expression cells of PKC-α were reduced in T2DM group when compared with that of the control group.

Conclusion

Astrocytes activation, reactive gliosis, and neurodegeneration were observed in both T1DM and T2DM rhesus monkey models at the early stage of DR.

中文翻译：

糖尿病视网膜病变恒河猴模型中的视网膜星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞活化

摘要

目的

评估 1 型糖尿病 (T1DM) 和 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 恒河猴的视网膜神经变性，并研究胶质细胞的改变是否发生在糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR) 的早期阶段。

材料和方法

通过每天在柠檬酸盐缓冲液（pH 4.5）中静脉注射链脲佐菌素（STZ，25 mg/kg 体重）连续 5 天建立 T1DM 恒河猴，而通过喂食高脂肪饮食诱导 T2DM 恒河猴。通过眼底镜和光学相干断层扫描 (OCT) 评估恒河猴的 DR 期。之后，通过免疫荧光（IF）检测视网膜内部神经元和神经胶质细胞的形态变化。

结果

与对照组相比，眼底照片观察到T1DM和T2DM均无差异，而DM恒河猴OCT发现恒河猴视网膜血管有轻微渗出和积液。此外，T1DM ( P < .01) 和 T2DM ( P < .05) 恒河猴的胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP) 和离子化钙结合衔接分子 (Iba1) 的表达均显着增加。此外，PKC-α、parvalbumin和NeuN的阳性表达明显降低，而钙结合蛋白的阳性表达在T1DM组中无差异。然而，与对照组相比，T2DM组只有PKC-α的表达细胞减少。