The recent work aims at the use of Pantoea conspicua (MT5) and Aspergillus niger (CRS3) to assess their bioremediation potential and growth restoration of Helianthus annuus L. under chromate (Cr⁺⁶) stress. The growth of the P. conspicua and A. niger was tested in Cr⁺⁶ supplemented media. The strains can withstand up to 1200 and 900 ppm respectively in the media and effectively bio-transform it to nontoxic form. Supplemented metal’s levels significantly decreased the growth attribute of H. annuus (p< 0.05). On the other hand, P. conspicua and A. niger rescued the host plant by establishing higher colonization frequency with the host roots. Moreover, MT5 bio-transformed the toxic Cr⁺⁶ to non-toxic Cr⁺³ form in the rhizosphere. It also enhanced the host plant growth by producing phytohormones and ceasing Cr uptake and accumulation. Contrarily, CRS3 tends to accumulate and bio-transform metal in their hyphae. Nonetheless, both of the microbes tend to modulate phytohormones production and strengthening antioxidant system of the host. Improvement in the antioxidant system enabled the host plant to produce higher phenolics and flavonoids, and lower peroxidase. The associated plant species also exhibited higher ROS scavenging and lower ROS accumulation. Besides, the strains were able to produce higher amounts of phytohormones, including IAA, GA, and SA. Such activities rendered them as excellent phytostimulants, that can be used as biofertilizers in chromium polluted soils.

最近的工作旨在利用Pantoea conspicua (MT5) 和Aspergillus niger (CRS3) 来评估它们在铬酸盐 (Cr ⁺⁶ ) 胁迫下的生物修复潜力和向日葵生长恢复。P. conspicua和A. niger的生长在 Cr ⁺⁶补充培养基中进行了测试。这些菌株在培养基中可分别承受高达 1200 和 900 ppm 的浓度，并有效地将其生物转化为无毒形式。补充金属的水平显着降低了H. annuus的生长属性（p<0.05）。另一方面，P. conspicua和A. niger通过与寄主根建立更高的定殖频率来拯救寄主植物。^{此外，MT5 将有毒的 Cr +6}生物转化为无毒的 Cr ⁺³在根际形成。它还通过产生植物激素和停止 Cr 吸收和积累来促进寄主植物的生长。相反，CRS3 倾向于在其菌丝中积累和生物转化金属。尽管如此，这两种微生物都倾向于调节植物激素的产生并增强宿主的抗氧化系统。抗氧化系统的改进使宿主植物能够产生更高的酚类和类黄酮，以及更低的过氧化物酶。相关植物物种也表现出更高的 ROS 清除和更低的 ROS 积累。此外，这些菌株能够产生更高量的植物激素，包括 IAA、GA 和 SA。这些活动使它们成为出色的植物刺激剂，可用作铬污染土壤中的生物肥料。