Background. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been regarded as an independent prognostic marker for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Its prognostic value, however, in nonmetastatic prostate cancer (NMPC) is still unclear. Purpose. To elucidate whether CTCs can predict the biochemical recurrence (BCR) in NMPC patients following radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT). Methods. PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Embase and the references in relevant studies were systematically searched. Studies that investigated the correlation of CTCs and BCR in NMPC patients after RP or RT were identified and reviewed. Overall odds ratio (OR) of BCR in such patients with/without CTCs was pooled. We also calculated and pooled overall prevalence of BCR in such CTC-positive patients. Results. In total, 12 studies comprising 1917 participants were eligible for the meta-analysis and showed that the presence of secondary circulating tumor cells (SCTCs) is associated with a higher BCR rate of 59% (95% CI: 22%-88%) in patients with NMPC after RP or RT (; 95% CI: 2.22-16.85; ). However, regardless of the presence of primary circulating tumor cells (PCTCs), it has not been shown to be associated with higher BCR. Conclusions. Our research demonstrated that SCTC-positive patients are associated with higher BCR compared to SCTC-negative patients in NMPC. Therefore, it is recommended that NMPC patients undergo CTC surveillance intensively after RP or RT.

中文翻译：

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原发性/继发性循环肿瘤细胞在预测非转移性前列腺癌患者根治性前列腺切除术或放疗后生化复发中的应用：荟萃分析

背景。循环肿瘤细胞 (CTC) 已被视为转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌 (mCRPC) 的独立预后标志物。然而，其在非转移性前列腺癌 (NMPC) 中的预后价值仍不清楚。目的。阐明 CTC 是否可以预测 NMPC 患者在根治性前列腺切除术 (RP) 或放疗 (RT) 后的生化复发 (BCR)。方法. 系统检索了 PubMed、Cochrane 数据库和 Embase 以及相关研究中的参考文献。确定并回顾了调查 NMPC 患者 RP 或 RT 后 CTC 和 BCR 相关性的研究。汇总了此类有/无 CTC 患者中 BCR 的总体优势比 (OR)。我们还计算并汇总了此类 CTC 阳性患者中 BCR 的总体患病率。结果。总共有 12 项研究（包括 1917 名参与者）符合荟萃分析的条件，并表明继发性循环肿瘤细胞（SCTC）的存在与较高的 BCR 率（59%）相关（95% CI：22%-88%） RP 或 RT 后 NMPC 患者（; 95% CI：2.22-16.85；）。然而，无论是否存在原发性循环肿瘤细胞 (PCTC)，它都没有被证明与更高的 BCR 相关。结论。我们的研究表明，与 NMPC 中的 SCTC 阴性患者相比，SCTC 阳性患者的 BCR 更高。因此，建议 NMPC 患者在 RP 或 RT 后进行密集的 CTC 监测。