With the rapid development and widespread application of information and communication technology, power system has gradually become a cyber physical power system (CPPS) in which the cyber space and physical space are deeply coupled. The continuous interaction between information flow and power flow renders power grid confronted with potential cyber attack risks. As a typical attack approach, false data injection attack (FDIA) interferes with control decisions making by weakening information integrity. In this paper, regarding the phasor measurement unit (PMU) as the attack-defense target in power system, a multi-stage game model for FDIA is proposed based on attacker’s perspective, putting particular emphasis on data tampering, strategic adjustments, and multi-path attacks in a multi-stage game. Firstly, from the perspective of the attacker, the false data is constructed based on the PMU configuration, the attack range is optimized, and the attack consequences are quantified. Secondly, based on two-player zero-sum game theory, take the overall revenue and multi-path attacks in multi-stage game into consideration, the optimal attack-defense strategy is obtained by solving the Nash equilibrium point. Finally, experiment results of multi-stage game and one-stage game are discussed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multi-stage game strategy owns better effect and applicability for attackers.

随着信息通信技术的快速发展和广泛应用，电力系统逐渐成为网络空间与物理空间深度耦合的网络物理电力系统（CPPS）。信息流和电力流的持续交互使电网面临潜在的网络攻击风险。作为一种典型的攻击方法，虚假数据注入攻击（FDIA）通过削弱信息完整性来干扰控制决策。本文将相量测量单元（PMU）作为电力系统的攻防目标，从攻击者的角度提出了FDIA的多阶段博弈模型，特别强调数据篡改、战略调整和多阶段博弈。多阶段游戏中的路径攻击。首先，从攻击者的角度来看，基于PMU配置构造虚假数据，优化攻击范围，量化攻击后果。其次，基于二人零和博弈理论，考虑多阶段博弈中的整体收益和多路径攻击，通过求解纳什均衡点得到最优攻防策略。最后讨论了多阶段博弈和单阶段博弈的实验结果。仿真结果表明，所提出的多阶段博弈策略对攻击者具有更好的效果和适用性。通过求解纳什均衡点得到最优攻防策略。最后讨论了多阶段博弈和单阶段博弈的实验结果。仿真结果表明，所提出的多阶段博弈策略对攻击者具有更好的效果和适用性。通过求解纳什均衡点得到最优攻防策略。最后讨论了多阶段博弈和单阶段博弈的实验结果。仿真结果表明，所提出的多阶段博弈策略对攻击者具有更好的效果和适用性。